about 6.40 a.m. local time (the recording was 6.5 p.m. Greenwich mean time)

at 7.5 p.m. Green- wich mean time (about 7.40 a.m. local time).

116. In this Chapter―

(a) “financial year” mean the twelve months ending on 31st December in any year or on such other date as may from time to time be prescribed;

Interpretation.

116. N te Makoro aei―

(a) "ririki ni kataumane" bon tebwi ma uoua namakaina are e toki n 31 Ritemba n te ririki koraki ke n tc bong n namakaina riki teuana are e konaa ni baaireaki man te tai teuana ma teuana;

Kab'arab'ara.

PART II

INTERPRETATION OF WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

Interpretation of terms

3. (1) In any Ordinance-

"financial year" means the 12 months ending the 31st day of December in any year;

"Independence Day" means 12th July 1979;

"month" means calendar month;

"standard time" means standard time as provided in section 63;

"year" means a year reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar.

PART X

TIME AND DISTANCE

Time

63. (1) The standard time of Kiribati is 12 hours in advance of Greenwich Mean Time.

(2) Whenever any expression of time occurs in any Ordinance, deed or instrument, the time referred to shall, unless it is otherwise expressly provided, be the standard time of Kiribati.

References to "a.m." and "p.m."

64. The expression "a.m." indicates the period between midnight and the following noon, and the expression "p.m." indicates the time between noon and the following midnight; and where 2 such expressions occur conjunctively in relation to any specified hour or in conjunction with the word "sunset" or "sunrise" they shall be construed as relating to a consecutive period of time.

Provision where no time prescribed

65. Where no time is prescribed or allowed within which any thing shall be done, such thing shall be done without unreasonable delay, and as often as due occasion arises.

Computation of time

66. In computing time for the purposes of any Ordinance-

(a) a period of days from the happening of any event or the doing of any act or thing shall be deemed to be exclusive of the day on which the event happens or the act or thing is done;

(b) if the last day of the period is a Sunday or public holiday the period shall include the next following day, not being a public holiday;

(c) where any act or proceeding is directed or allowed to be done or taken on a certain day, then if that day is a Sunday or public holiday, the act or proceeding shall be considered as done or taken in due time if it is done or taken on the next following day, not being a Sunday or public holiday;

(d) where an act or proceeding is directed or allowed to be done or taken within any time not exceeding 6 days, no Sunday or public holiday shall be reckoned in the computation of that time.

Power to extend time

67. Where in any Ordinance a time is prescribed for doing any act or taking any proceeding and power is given to a court, public body, public officer or other authority to extend such time, then the power may be exercised by the court, public body, public officer or other authority although the application for the same is not made until after the expiration of the time prescribed.

Distance

68. In the measurement of any distance for the purposes of any Ordinance, that distance shall be measured in a straight line on a horizontal plane.

Warrants etc., valid on public holiday

69. Any summons, notice, warrant or other process may be issued, served or executed and any arrest, search or seizure may be carried out or made on any day, whether a public holiday or not, and at any hour of the day or night.

Citation

73. A law of England to which this Part applies may be cited in any way in which it is permissible or customary to cite it in England.

• 1917
  • 7 Public Holidays Repealed by 5 of 1937
  • 12 Public Holidays (Labour) Repealed by 5 of 1937
• 1919
  • 2 Interpretation Repealed by 13 of 1955
• 1937
  • 5 Public Holidays Now Cap. 14
• 1938
  • 10 Interpretation (Amendment) Repealed by 13 of 1955
• 1952
  • 17 Interpretation (Amendment) Repealed by 13 of 1955
  • 18 Interpretation (Amendment) (No.2) Repealed by 13 of 1955
• 1955
  • 13 Interpretation and General Clauses Repealed by 7 of 1968.
• 1956
  • 10 Public Holidays (Amendment) Incorporated in Cap. 14
• 1958
  • 3 Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Repealed by 7 of 1968
• 1960
  • 3 Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Repealed by 7 of 1968
• 1963
  • 10 Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Repealed by 7 of 1968
• 1966
  • 7 Public Holidays (Amendment) Incorporated in Cap. 14
• 1968
  • 7 Interpretation and General Clauses Now Cap. 1
• 1979
  • 13 Public Holidays (Amendment) Incorporated in Cap. 14
• 1988
  • 7 Interpretation Now Cap.1A
  • 10 Public Holidays (Amendment) Incorporated in Cap.14
• 1990
  • 2 Public Holidays (Amendment) Incorporated in Cap.14

"Independence Day" means 1 October 1978;

"month" means calendar month;

"year" means any period of 12 months.

“financial year” means the period of 12 months ending on 31 December in any year, or such other period of 12 months as is fixed by or under an Act;

“month” has the meaning given in section 82;

“year” means any period of 12 months.

PART XI - TIME AND DISTANCE

78 Standard time

(1) The standard time in Tuvalu is 12 hours in advance of Greenwich Mean Time.

(2) Whenever an expression of time occurs in a written law, or document, the time referred to shall, unless it is otherwise expressly provided, be the standard time of Tuvalu.

79 References to “am” and “pm”

The expression “a.m.” indicates the period between midnight and to the following noon, and the expression “p.m.” indicates the period between noon and the following midnight; and where two such expressions occur conjunctively in relation to any specified hour or in conjunction with the word “sunset”, or “sunrise” they are to be construed as relating to a consecutive period of time.

80 Where no time prescribed

Where no time is prescribed or allowed within which anything shall be done, such thing shall be done without unreasonable delay, and as often as due occasion arises.

81 Computation of time

(1) In computing time for the purposes of a written law —

(a) where a period of time is expressed to begin at, on or with a specified day, that day is included in the period;

(b) where a period of time is expressed to be reckoned from or after a specified day, that day is not included in the period;

(c) where anything is to be done within a time before a specified day, the time does not include that day;

(d) where a period of time is expressed to end at, on or with a specified day or to continue to or until a specified day, that day is included in the period;

(e) where the time limited for the doing of a thing expires or falls on an excluded day, the thing may be done on the next day that is not an excluded day;

(f) where there is a reference to a number of clear days or “at least” or “not less than” a number of days between two events, in calculating the number of days there are to be excluded the days on which the events happen;

(g) where there is a reference to a number of days not expressed to be clear days of “at least” or “not less than” a number of days between two events, in calculating the number of days there is to be excluded the day on which the first event happens and there is to be included the day on which the second event happens;

(h) where an act or proceeding is directed or allowed to be done or taken on a certain day, or on or before a certain day, then, if that day is an excluded day, the act or proceeding is to be considered as done or taken in due time if it is done or taken on the next day that is not an excluded day;

(i) where an act or proceeding is directed or allowed to be done or taken within a period of time not greater than 6 days, no excluded day is to be reckoned in calculating that period of time.

(2) For the purposes of this section, “excluded day” means a Sunday or a public holiday.

82 Reckoning of months

(1) In a written law, “month” means a calendar month, that is to say a month reckoned according to the calendar.

(2) If a period of a whole number of months specified in a written law begins (in accordance with section 81) —

(a) on the first day of a month, it ends on the last day of the appropriate month;

(b) on any day of a month, other than the first day, it is reckoned from the day on which it is to begin to one day earlier than the same day in the appropriate month; or if the same day does not occur in the appropriate month, to the last day of that month.

(3) Examples of the operation of subsection (2) are —

(a) a period of one month beginning on 1^st March ends on 31^st March;

(b) a period of 3 months beginning on 15^th January ends on 14^th April;

(c) a period of 6 months beginning on 30^th or 31^st August ends on 28^th February (or 29^th February in a leap year).

83 Power to extend time

Where in a written law a time is prescribed for doing any act or taking any proceeding and power is given to a court, public body, public officer or other authority to extend such time, then the power —

(a) may be exercised by the court, public body, public officer or other authority although the application for the same is not made until after the expiration of the time prescribed; and

(b) unless the context otherwise requires, may be exercised from time to time.

84 Warrants, etc, valid on Sunday or public holiday

Any summons, notice, warrant or other process may be issued, served or executed and any arrest, search or seizure may be carried out or made on any day, whether a Sunday or a public holiday or not, and at any hour of the day or night.

85 Distance

In the measurement of any distance for the purposes of a written law, the distance shall be measured in a straight line on a horizontal plane.

92 Citation of Imperial enactments

An imperial enactment may be cited by a short title or citation, if any, or by reference to the regnal or calendar year in which it was passed or by the number assigned to any statutory instrument or statutory rule and order.

"The decision had nothing to do with the millennium, which nobody was thinking about at the time," says Teebaniman Takabwbwe, Kiribati's millennium task force coordinator. "It was just very difficult to administer a small country that had two different dates."

So on New Year's Day 1995, it declared it was adding a huge eastward bulge to its section of the dateline so all 33 islands would have the same date.

"It was an administrative convenience," says Michael Walsh, the Kiribati Honorary Consul to the UK.

"There were nine islands on the other [eastern] side of the international date line, and 20% of the population. An unintentional byproduct of this was that when the millennium came, we were the first to see the sun."

There were few practical problems, he says. The eastern-most islands were uninhabited, with no infrastructure. "We just did it and told the world. Some atlases took a while to adjust."

Kiribati's decision did prove somewhat controversial, says Roger Pountain, of Collins Bartholomew, as some believe the dateline is a global standard, and therefore a matter for the international community to decide.

"It is still the case that some cartographers, website owners, and even public authorities continue to prefer to show the dateline as not diverted round Kiribati, while also acknowledging that Kiribati's time zone conflicts with that," says Pountain.

time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

note: on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory was in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (UTC +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction were on the other side of the International Date Line

カロリン島は日付変更線に一番近いため、世界で一番早く一日を迎えるとともに新年を一番早く迎える島である。キリバスはミレニアムや新世紀の年越し(カウントダウン)を目当てとした観光需要をターゲットにして、1995年1月1日に日付変更線を移動した。後に島の名称もカロリン島からミレニアム島に変更している。

Time Zones

Prior in 1994, the eastern and western islands groups were on either side of the International Dateline with a 23-hour time difference between them. The President of Kiribati at that time decided to move the dateline for convenience which attributed a 2 hour difference between Islands in the Gilbert Islands Group and the (Line and Phoenix) Islands Group. This also marked Kiribati to become the first nation to see in the Third Millennium and Caroline was renamed Millennium Island to celebrate the occasion during the year 2000.

Kiribati is 12 hours ahead of GMT – 2 hours ahead of Tokyo and 22 hours ahead of Honolulu, on the other side of the international dateline.

On 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory was in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (UTC +12) even though the Phoenix and Line island groups were on the other side of the International Date Line.

On 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory was in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (UTC +12) even though the Phoenix and Line island groups were on the other side of the International Date Line.

日本プラス5時間。

ハワイとは同時刻ですが、24時間の「日差」が生じます。

日本とクリスマス島との時差はプラス5時間、ハワイとクリスマス島との時差はプラス24時間です。

クリスマス島はハワイの真下にあるため時間はハワイと同じ。

しかし、日付変更線がキリバスを覆うように曲がっているため、

ハワイとクリスマス島では24時間の時差が生まれることに。