[457] RFC 1738 (URL) 3.1. Common Internet Scheme Syntax

While the syntax for the rest of the URL may vary depending on the particular scheme selected, URL schemes that involve the direct use of an IP-based protocol to a specified host on the Internet use a common syntax for the scheme-specific data:

• //<user>:<password>@<host>:<port>/<url-path>

Some or all of the parts "<user>:<password>@", ":<password>", ":<port>", and "/<url-path>" may be excluded. The scheme specific data start with a double slash "//" to indicate that it complies with the common Internet scheme syntax. The different components obey the following rules:

user

An optional user name. Some schemes (e.g., ftp) allow the specification of a user name.

password

An optional password. If present, it follows the user name separated from it by a colon.

The user name (and password), if present, are followed by a commercial at-sign "@". Within the user and password field, any ":", "@", or "/" must be encoded.

Note that an empty user name or password is different than no user name or password; there is no way to specify a password without specifying a user name. E.g., URL:ftp://@host.com/ has an empty user name and no password, URL:ftp://host.com/ has no user name, while URL:ftp://foo:@host.com/ has a user name of "foo" and an empty password.

host The fully qualified domain name of a network host, or its IP address as a set of four decimal digit groups separated by ".". Fully qualified domain names take the form as described in Section 3.5 of RFC 1034 [13] and Section 2.1 of RFC 1123 [5]

a sequence of domain labels separated by ".", each domain label starting and ending with an alphanumerical character and possibly also containing "-" characters. The rightmost domain label will never start with a digit, though, which syntactically distinguishes all domain names from the IP addresses.

port

The port number to connect to. Most schemes designate protocols that have a default port number. Another port number may optionally be supplied, in decimal, separated from the host by a colon. If the port is omitted, the colon is as well.

url-path

The rest of the locator consists of data specific to the scheme, and is known as the "url-path". It supplies the details of how the specified resource can be accessed. Note that the "/" between the host (or port) and the url-path is NOT part of the url-path.

The url-path syntax depends on the scheme being used, as does the manner in which it is interpreted.

If the parse string begins with a double-slash "//", then the substring of characters after the double-slash and up to, but not including, the next slash "/" character is the network location/login (<net_loc>) of the URL. If no trailing slash "/" is present, the entire remaining parse string is assigned to <net_loc>. The double-slash and <net_loc> are removed from the parse string before continuing.

解析文字列が二重斜線 // から始まる場合、その二重斜線から次の斜線 / 文字の手前までの部分文字列が URL のネットワーク位置・ログイン (net_loc) です。 お尻の斜線 / がない場合には、解析文字列の残りの部分全体が net_loc に割り当てられます。 二重斜線及び net_loc は、続行する前に解析文字列から削除します。

Many URI schemes include a top hierarchical element for a naming authority, such that the namespace defined by the remainder of the URI is governed by that authority. This authority component is typically defined by an Internet-based server or a scheme-specific registry of naming authorities.

多くの URI scheme は、最上位階層要素として命名権者を含めており、 URI の残りの部分で定義される名前空間はその命名権者の領めるところとなります。 この命名権者部品は、典型的にはインターネットを基にしたサーバー又は scheme 定義の命名権者登録簿により定義されます。

• authority = server | reg_name

The authority component is preceded by a double slash "//" and is terminated by the next slash "/", question-mark "?", or by the end of the URI. Within the authority component, the characters ";", ":", "@", "?", and "/" are reserved.

命名権者部品は前に二重斜線 // がつき、 次の斜線 /, 疑問符 ? 又は URI の末端により終端されます。 命名権者部品中では、文字 ;, :, @, ?, / が予約されています。

An authority component is not required for a URI scheme to make use of relative references. A base URI without an authority component implies that any relative reference will also be without an authority component.

命名権者部品は、 URI scheme が相対参照を使うために必須ではありません。 命名権者部品なしの基底URI は、 全ての相対参照が命名権者部品のやはり欠けたものであることを暗に示します。

The following connects to a replica set with three members running on localhost on ports 27017, 27018, and 27019:

mongodb://localhost,localhost:27018,localhost:27019

or as a UNIX-domain socket path specified after the word “unix” and enclosed in colons:

proxy_pass http://unix:/tmp/backend.socket:/uri/;

1. We need to define a mechanism for using IPv6 addresses in the

URL hostname which will not break existing systems too badly.

Proposal: *hex *["." *hex] ".ipv6"

I.e., treat the top level domain of "ipv6" as special.

Note: host name matching in the Android framework is case-sensitive, unlike the formal RFC. As a result, you should always specify host names using lowercase letters.

RL

schemes which do not contain a conformant hierarchical structure in

their <scheme-specific-part> should not use double slashes following

the "<scheme>:" string.

Avoid improper use of "//". The use of double slashes in the first

part of a URI is not an artistic indicator that what follows is a

URI: Double slashes are used ONLY when the syntax of the URI's

<scheme-specific-part> contains a hierarchical structure as described

in RFC 3986. In URIs from such schemes, the use of double slashes

indicates that what follows is the top hierarchical element for a

naming authority. (See Section 3.2 of RFC 3986 for more details.)

URI schemes that do not contain a conformant hierarchical structure

in their <scheme-specific-part> SHOULD NOT use double slashes

following the "<scheme>:" string.

Schemes SHOULD avoid improper use of "//". The use of double slashes

in the first part of a URI is not a stylistic indicator that what

follows is a URI: double slashes are intended for use ONLY when the

syntax of the <scheme-specific-part> contains a hierarchical

structure. In URIs from such schemes, the use of double slashes

indicates that what follows is the top hierarchical element for a

naming authority (Section 3.2 of RFC 3986 has more details). Schemes

that do not contain a conformant hierarchical structure in their

<scheme-specific-part> SHOULD NOT use double slashes following the

"<scheme>:" string.

With PostgreSQL, you can also use unix domain socket paths with percent encoding: postgres://%2Fvar%2Flib%2Fpostgresql/dbname.

xri://@!a!b*(mailto:jd@example.com)*e/f

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