Special-Use IPv4 Addresses This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited. Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved. This document describes the global and other specialized IPv4 address
blocks that have been assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA). It does not address IPv4 address space assigned to
operators and users through the Regional Internet Registries. It
also does not address allocations or assignments of IPv6 addresses or
autonomous system numbers. この文書は、広域その他の特殊な IPv4 アドレス域で Internet
割当番号事務局 (IANA) が割り当てたものを説明します。
地域 Internet 登録局 (>>1) を介して技師や利用者に割り当てられた
IPv4 アドレス空間には言及しません。
また、 IPv6 アドレスの割当や自治体系番号にも言及しません。 Throughout its entire history, the Internet has employed a central
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) responsible for the
allocation and assignment of various identifiers needed for the
operation of the Internet [RFC1174]. In the case of the IPv4 address
space, the IANA allocates parts of the address space to Regional
Internet Registries according to their established needs. These
Regional Internet Registries are responsible for the assignment of
IPv4 addresses to operators and users of the Internet within their
regions. Internet はその歴史を通して中央 Internet 割当番号事務局 (IANA)
を設けて、 Internet の運営に必要な種々の識別子の割当を担当させてきました。
IPv4 アドレスの場合には、 IANA はアドレス空間の一部を地域 Internet
登録局にその確固たる需要に応じて割り当てています。
この地域 Internet 登録局はその地域内の Internet の技師や利用者への
IPv4 アドレスの割当を担当しています。 Minor portions of the IPv4 address space have been allocated or
assigned directly by the IANA for global or other specialized
purposes. These allocations and assignments have been documented in
a variety of RFCs and other documents. This document is intended to
collect these scattered references. IPv4 アドレス空間の一部は、広域その他の特定の目的のために IANA
が直接割り当てています。この割当は種々の RFC
やその他の文書中に文書化されてきました。
この文書はそうした逸散した文献を纏めることを目的としています。 On an ongoing basis, the IANA has been designated by the IETF to make
assignments in support of the Internet Standards Process [RFC2860].
Section 4 of this document describes that assignment process. IANA は IETF の指示により Internet
標準化過程に乗っ取り割当を行っています。
この文書の第4節ではこの割当過程について説明します。 0.0.0.0/8 - Addresses in this block refer to source hosts on "this"
network. Address 0.0.0.0/32 may be used as a source address for this
host on this network; other addresses within 0.0.0.0/8 may be used to
refer to specified hosts on this network [RFC1700, page 4]. 0.0.0.0/8 この範囲のアドレスは「この」ネットワークの始点ホストを参照します。
10.0.0.0/8 - This block is set aside for use in private networks.
Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. Addresses within this
block should not appear on the public Internet. 10.0.0.0/8 この範囲は私的ネットワークで使うために保留されています。
想定するようとは RFC 1918 に書かれています。
この範囲のアドレスは公的 Internet で出現しないはずです。 14.0.0.0/8 - This block is set aside for assignments to the
international system of Public Data Networks [RFC1700, page 181]. The
registry of assignments within this block can be accessed from the
"Public Data Network Numbers" link on the web page at
http://www.iana.org/numbers.html. Addresses within this block are
assigned to users and should be treated as such. 14.0.0.0/8 この範囲は公的データ網の国際系統に割り当てるために保留されています。
この範囲の割当の登録局は http://www.iana.org/numbers.html
の Web page の「Public Data Network Numbers (公的データ網番号)」
というリンクから接続できます。
この範囲内のアドレスは利用者に割り当てられるので、その様に取り扱うのが良いです。 24.0.0.0/8 - This block was allocated in early 1996 for use in
provisioning IP service over cable television systems. Although the
IANA initially was involved in making assignments to cable operators,
this responsibility was transferred to American Registry for Internet
Numbers (ARIN) in May 2001. Addresses within this block are assigned
in the normal manner and should be treated as such. 24.0.0.0/8 この範囲は1996年の早い時期にケーブルテレビ系統上の
IP サービスを提供する目的で割り当てられました。 IANA
は初めにケーブル経営者に割当をしていませんでしたが、
2001年5月にこの責は Internet 番号亜米利加登録局 (ARIN)
に移管されました。
この範囲内のアドレスは通常の方法で割り当てられるので、その様に扱うのが良いです。 39.0.0.0/8 - This block was used in the "Class A Subnet Experiment"
that commenced in May 1995, as documented in [RFC1797]. The
experiment has been completed and this block has been returned to the
pool of addresses reserved for future allocation or assignment. This
block therefore no longer has a special use and is subject to
allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the
normal manner. 39.0.0.0/8 この範囲は 1995年5月に始まった「A 級サブネット実験」
に使われたもので、 RFC 1797 に書かれています。
この実験は終了してこの範囲は将来の割当のために予約されたアドレス溜めに変換されました。
従ってこの範囲は既に特殊用途ではなく、普通の方法で割当のために地域
Internet 登録局に割り当てる対象となります。 127.0.0.0/8 - This block is assigned for use as the Internet host
loopback address. A datagram sent by a higher level protocol to an
address anywhere within this block should loop back inside the host.
This is ordinarily implemented using only 127.0.0.1/32 for loopback,
but no addresses within this block should ever appear on any network
anywhere [RFC1700, page 5]. 127.0.0.0/8 この範囲は Internet ホストのループバック・アドレスとして使われるのに割り当てられています。
高位プロトコルからこの範囲内のどれかのアドレスに送られるデータグラムはそのホスト内に戻ってくるべきです。
これは普通 128.0.0.0/16 - This block, corresponding to the numerically lowest of
the former Class B addresses, was initially and is still reserved by
the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address
space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses
in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet
Registry for assignment in the normal manner. 128.0.0.0/16 この範囲はかつての B 級アドレスの数値的に最も下位に位置するものですが、初めからいままで IANA
に予約されています。
IP アドレス空間の現在の無級性から、予約の原則はもはや適用されず、この範囲のアドレスは通常の方法での地域
Internet 登録簿の将来の割当の対象となります。 169.254.0.0/16 - This is the "link local" block. It is allocated for
communication between hosts on a single link. Hosts obtain these
addresses by auto-configuration, such as when a DHCP server may not be found. 192.168.0.0/16 これは「link local」ブロックです。
単一リンクのホスト間の通信に割当てます。
ホストは例えば DHCP
サーバーが見つからない時に、自動設定によりこの範囲のアドレスを得ます。 172.16.0.0/12 - This block is set aside for use in private networks.
Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. Addresses within this
block should not appear on the public Internet. 172.16.0.0/12 この範囲は私用ネットワークでの使用のために用意されました。
想定される利用は RFC 1918 に文書化されています。
この範囲のアドレスは公的 Internet では出現しないはずです。 191.255.0.0/16 - This block, corresponding to the numerically highest
to the former Class B addresses, was initially and is still reserved
by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address
space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses
in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet
Registry for assignment in the normal manner. 191.255.0.0/16 この範囲は、旧 B 級アドレスの数値的に最高位に位置しますが、当初から現在まで
IANA により予約されています。
現在の IP アドレス空間の無級性により、予約の原則は最早適用されず、この範囲のアドレスは通常の方法での地域
Internet 登録簿への将来の割当の対象となります。 192.0.0.0/24 - This block, corresponding to the numerically lowest of
the former Class C addresses, was initially and is still reserved by
the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address
space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses
in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet
Registry for assignment in the normal manner. 192.0.0.0/24 この範囲は、旧 C
級アドレスの数値的に最低位に位置しますが、当初から現在まで
IANA により予約されています。
現在の IP アドレス空間の無級性により、予約の原則は最早適用されず、この範囲のアドレスは通常の方法での地域
Internet 登録簿への将来の割当の対象となります。 IANA Informational [Page 4]Status of this Memo
Copyright Notice
Abstract 概要
1. Introduction はじめに
2. Global and Other Specialized Address Blocks 広域その他の特定目的用アドレス域
0.0.0.0/32 はこのネットワークのこのホストの始点アドレスとして使われるかもしれません。
0.0.0.0/8 の中の他のアドレスはこのネットワークの特定のホストを参照するのに使われるかもしれません。127.0.0.1/32 のみをループバックに使って実装されていますが、この範囲のアドレスはどのネットワークのどこにも出現しないはずです。 192.0.2.0/24 - This block is assigned as "TEST-NET" for use in
documentation and example code. It is often used in conjunction with
domain names example.com or example.net in vendor and protocol
documentation. Addresses within this block should not appear on the
public Internet.
192.88.99.0/24 - This block is allocated for use as 6to4 relay
anycast addresses, according to [RFC3068].
192.168.0.0/16 - This block is set aside for use in private networks.
Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. Addresses within this
block should not appear on the public Internet.
198.18.0.0/15 - This block has been allocated for use in benchmark
tests of network interconnect devices. Its use is documented in
[RFC2544].
223.255.255.0/24 - This block, corresponding to the numerically
highest of the former Class C addresses, was initially and is still
reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP
address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and
addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a
Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
224.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class D address
space, is allocated for use in IPv4 multicast address assignments.
The IANA guidelines for assignments from this space are described in
[RFC3171].
240.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class E address
space, is reserved. The "limited broadcast" destination address
255.255.255.255 should never be forwarded outside the (sub-)net of
the source. The remainder of this space is reserved for future use.
[RFC1700, page 4]
3. Summary Table 要約表
Address Block Present Use Reference
---------------------------------------------------------------------
0.0.0.0/8 "This" Network [RFC1700, page 4]
10.0.0.0/8 Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]
14.0.0.0/8 Public-Data Networks [RFC1700, page 181]
24.0.0.0/8 Cable Television Networks --
39.0.0.0/8 Reserved but subject
to allocation [RFC1797]
127.0.0.0/8 Loopback [RFC1700, page 5]
128.0.0.0/16 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
169.254.0.0/16 Link Local --
172.16.0.0/12 Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]
191.255.0.0/16 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
192.0.0.0/24 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
192.0.2.0/24 Test-Net
192.88.99.0/24 6to4 Relay Anycast [RFC3068]
192.168.0.0/16 Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]
198.18.0.0/15 Network Interconnect
Device Benchmark Testing [RFC2544]
223.255.255.0/24 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
224.0.0.0/4 Multicast [RFC3171]
240.0.0.0/4 Reserved for Future Use [RFC1700, page 4]アドレス・ブロック 現在の用途 参考文献 0.0.0.0/8 「この」ネットワーク [RFC1700, 4頁] 10.0.0.0/8 私用ネットワーク [RFC1918] 14.0.0.0/8 公的データ網 [RFC1700, 181頁] 24.0.0.0/8 有線テレビ網 -- 39.0.0.0/8 予約しているが割当の対象 [RFC1797] 127.0.0.0/8 Loopback [RFC1700, 5頁] 128.0.0.0/16 予約しているが割当の対象 -- 169.254.0.0/16 Link Local -- 172.16.0.0/12 私用ネットワーク [RFC1918] 191.255.0.0/16 予約しているが割当の対象 -- 192.0.0.0/24 予約しているが割当の対象 -- 192.0.2.0/24 Test-Net 192.88.99.0/24 6to4 中継 Anycast [RFC3068] 192.168.0.0/16 私用ネットワーク [RFC1918] 198.18.0.0/15 ネットワーク間接族機器性能検査 [RFC2544] 223.255.255.0/24 予約しているが割当の対象 -- 224.0.0.0/4 Multicast [RFC3171] 240.0.0.0/4 将来の使用に予約 [RFC1700, 4頁] 4. Assignments of IPv4 Blocks for New Specialized Uses 新たな特殊用途への IPv4 ブロックの割当
The IANA has responsibility for making assignments of protocol
parameters used in the Internet according to the requirements of the
"Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority" [RFC2860]. Among other things,
[RFC2860] requires that protocol parameters be assigned according to
RFC 3330 Special-Use IPv4 Addresses September 2002
the criteria and procedures specified in RFCs, including Proposed, Draft, and full Internet Standards and Best Current Practice documents, and any other RFC that calls for IANA assignment.
The domain name and IP address spaces involve policy issues (in addition to technical issues) so that the requirements of [RFC2860] do not apply generally to those spaces. Nonetheless, the IANA is responsible for ensuring assignments of IPv4 addresses as needed in support of the Internet Standards Process. When a portion of the IPv4 address space is specifically required by an RFC, the technical requirements (e.g., size, prefix length) for the portion should be described [RFC2434]. Immediately before the RFC is published, the IANA will, in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries, make the necessary assignment and notify the RFC Editor of the particulars for inclusion in the RFC as published.
As required by [RFC2860], the IANA will also make necessary experimental assignments of IPv4 addresses, also in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries.
The particular assigned values of special-use IPv4 addresses cataloged in this document do not directly raise security issues. However, the Internet does not inherently protect against abuse of these addresses; if you expect (for instance) that all packets from the 10.0.0.0/8 block originate within your subnet, all border routers should filter such packets that originate from elsewhere. Attacks have been mounted that depend on the unexpected use of some of these addresses.
This document describes the IANA's past and current practices and does not create any new requirements for assignments or allocations by the IANA.
[RFC1174] Cerf, V., "IAB Recommended Policy on Distributing Internet
Identifier Assignment and IAB Recommended Policy Change to
Internet 'Connected' Status", RFC 1174, August 1990. [RFC1700] Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC
1700, October 1994.[RFC1797] IANA, "Class A Subnet Experiment", RFC 1797, April 1995.
[RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, B., Karrenberg, D., de Groot, G.
J., and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private
Internets", BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996. [RFC2050] Hubbard, K., Kosters, M., Conrad, D., Karrenberg, D., and
J. Postel, "Internet Registry IP Allocation Guidelines",
BCP 12, RFC 2050, November 1996. [RFC2434] Narten, T., and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
October 1998. [RFC2544] Bradner, S., and J. McQuaid, "Benchmarking Methodology for
Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 2544, March 1999. [RFC2860] Carpenter, B., Baker, F., and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of
Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860, June 2000. [RFC3068] Huitema, C., "An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers",
RFC 3068, June 2001. [RFC3171] Albanna, Z., Almeroth, K., Meyer, D., and M. Schipper,
"IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments",
BCP 51, RFC 3171, August 2001. [RFC3232] Reynolds, J. Ed., "Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced
by an On-line Database", RFC 3232, January 2002.Many people have made comments on draft versions of this document. The IANA would especially like to thank Scott Bradner, Randy Bush, and Harald Alvestrand for their constructive feedback and comments.
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