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[38] 
[DFN[米国建国紀元]]は、
[[米国]]の[[独立]]から数える[[建国紀元]]です。

[39] 同様の[[建国紀元]]が[[米国]]の各州や、
[[米国]]の植民地だった[[フィリピン]]にもあります。

* 文脈

[20] [[米国]]では、[[法令]]などで[[西暦]]と[[合衆国]]や[[地方政府]]や[[大学]]の設立からの年数を併記することがあります。

[33] [[米領フィリピン準州]]や独立後の[[フィリピン共和国]]初期の[[大統領]][[布告]]には、
[[西暦]]と[[準州]]や[[共和国]]の設立からの年数が併記されていました。
[[英語]]の他に[[スペイン語]]がありました。

[21] 日常的な[[紀年法]]として用いることは無いようです。

* 暦法

[56] 
連邦独立紀元では、
[[独立記念日]]である
[TIME[7月4日][--07-04]]を[[年始]]として数えるようです。
[SRC[>>53, >>54]]
[[英国王即位紀年]]の伝統を受け継いだものとみられます。

* 改元

[128] 
[[フィリピン準州紀元]]は[[フィリピン独立紀元]]に[[改元]]されました。

* 関連

[22] [[英国王即位紀年]]を引き継いだものと思われます。

[23] 類例はいろいろあります。
[SEE[ [[建国紀元]] ]]

* 実例

** ケンタッキー州紀元

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[10] [CITE@en[Congressional Record | Congress.gov | Library of Congress]]
([TIME[2016-06-25 00:27:59 +09:00]])
<https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/2003/1/7/senate-section/article/S1-4>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in Frankfort, the 2nd day of December in the 
year of our Lord two thousand and two and in the 211th year 
of the Commonwealth,

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[65] ([TIME[2013-05-01 09:19:33 +09:00]])
<https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/112711main_KY_Proclamation1.pdf>
]FIGCAPTION]

> DONE AT THE CAPITOL, in the City of Frankfort this 5[SUP[th]] day of April in the year of Our Lord Two Thousand Four and in the 213[SUP[th]] year of the Commonwealth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[66] ([TIME[2016-12-21 04:28:40 +09:00]])
<http://apps.sos.ky.gov/Executive/Journal/execjournalimages/2016-PROC-247701.pdf>
]FIGCAPTION]

> DONE AT THE CAPITOL, in the City of Frankfort the 19[SUP[th]] day of December, in the year of Our Lord Two Thousand Sixteen and in the 225[SUP[th]] year of the Commonwealth.

]FIG]

** バージニア州紀元

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[63] [CITE@en[Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Virginia; Begun and Held in the City of Williamsburg, on Monday, the 5th Day of October, in the Year of Our Lord 1778, and in the Third Year of the Commonwealth - Price Estimate: $300 - $500]]
([TIME[2020-01-04 19:36:01 +09:00]])
<https://www.pbagalleries.com/view-auctions/catalog/id/458/lot/148990/Journal-of-the-Senate-of-the-Commonwealth-of-Virginia-Begun-and-Held-in-the-City-of-Williamsburg-on-Monday-the-5th-Day-of-October-in-the-Year-of-Our-Lord-1778-and-in-the-Third-Year-of-the-Commonwealth>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Virginia; Begun and Held in the City of Williamsburg, on Monday, the 5th Day of October, in the Year of Our Lord 1778, and in the Third Year of the Commonwealth

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[11] [CITE[The Declaration of Causes of Seceding States]]
([TIME[2016-06-25 00:29:58 +09:00]])
<http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/primarysources/declarationofcauses.html?referrer=https://www.google.co.jp/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in Convention, in the city of Richmond, on the 17th day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and in the eighty-fifth year of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[64] [CITE[1851 Virginia Constitution]]
([TIME[2018-05-23 21:44:28 +09:00]])
<http://www.wvculture.org/history/government/1851constitution01.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in Convention, in the city of Richmond, on the first day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, and in the seventy-sixth year of the commonwealth of Virginia.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[67] ([TIME[2019-01-16 01:25:51 +09:00]])
<https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/elections/sites/elections/files/assets/legal_notices/writ_of_election_hod86.pdf>
]FIGCAPTION]

> at Richmond, this 15[SUP[th]] day of January in the year of our Lord two thousand and nineteen and in the 243[SUP[rd]] year of the Commonwealth.

]FIG]

** 北カロライナ州紀元

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[17] [CITE[Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States]]
([TIME[2016-07-14 18:51:57 +09:00]])
<http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/primarysources/secessionacts.html?referrer=https://www.google.co.jp/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in convention at the city of Raleigh, this the 20th day of May, in the year of our Lord 1861, and in the eighty-fifth year of the independence of said State.

]FIG]

;; [58] [[南北戦争]]中。

** テキサス州紀元

[70] [DFN[テキサス共和国独立紀元]]:

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[16] [CITE[Constitution of the Republic of Texas 1836]]
([TIME[2003-10-06 02:10:52 +09:00]])
<http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/texascon.htm>
]FIGCAPTION]

> The foregoing constitution was unanimously adopted by the delegates of Texas, in convention assembled, at the town of Washington, on the 17th day of March, in the year of our Lord '''['''1836''']''', and of the independence of the republic the first year.

]FIG]

;; [59] [[テキサス共和国]]独立年。 [[テキサス共和国]]は[[メキシコ]]領内の現米国[[テキサス州]]地域に[[アメリカ人]]が入植し建国したもので、
当時[[メキシコ]]政府は非承認。

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[61] [CITE[Laws 2]]
([TIME[2007-10-01 02:38:29 +09:00]])
<http://www.afrotexan.com/laws/laws_2.htm>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done at the town of Washington, the. twenty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord one '''['''L. S.''']''' thousand eight hundred and forty two, and of the Independence of Texas the seventh. SAM. HOUSTON. By the President: ANSON JONES, Secretary of State.

]FIG]

[71] [DFN[テキサス独立紀元]]:

[60] 
[TIME[1845年][year:1845]]に[[アメリカ合衆国]]は[[テキサス共和国]]を[[併合][テキサス併合]]。
[[テキサス独立紀元]]は[[テキサス共和国独立紀元]]を引き継いでいる。

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[18] [CITE[Texas Ordinance of Secession]]
([TIME[2012-07-11 10:15:50 +09:00]])
<http://www.lsjunction.com/docs/secesson.htm>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Adopted in Convention on the 2nd day of Feby, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one and of the independence of Texas the twenty-fifth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[19] [CITE@en[DECLARATION OF CAUSES: February 2, 1861 A declaration of the causes which impel the State of Texas to secede from the Federal Union. | TSLAC]]
([TIME[2016-07-14 18:53:20 +09:00]])
<https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ref/abouttx/secession/2feb1861.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Adopted in Convention on the 2nd day of Feby, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one and of the independence of Texas the twenty-fifth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[62] [CITE@en[John W. Spencer Story | family-album]]
([TIME[2020-01-04 19:28:47 +09:00]])
<https://www.jimenez76126.com/john-w-spencer-story>
]FIGCAPTION]

> John William Spencer was appointed to Notary Public by Edward Clark Governor of the state of Texas on the fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Sixty one and in the year of the Independence of Texas the Twenty Sixth.

]FIG]

** ミシガン州紀元

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[68] [CITE@en[OSE - Executive Order 1981-3]]
([TIME[2020-01-04 19:44:19 +09:00]])
<https://www.michigan.gov/ose/0,4656,7-143--16366--,00.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the State of Michigan this sixth day of May in the Year of our Lord, One Thousand Nine Hundred Eighty-One, and the Year of the Commonwealth, One Hundred Forty-Five.

]FIG]

** ペンシルバニア州紀元

- [129] 
[CITE@ja[Michael FさんはTwitterを使っています 「From now on, I'm no longer referring to this year as "2020" but instead as "Year Of The Commonwealth 244" Oh, and our stay-at-home order is extended to June 4. I guess that's important too https://t.co/oBAxJ5TdZC」 / Twitter]], [TIME[2021-09-16T09:14:25.000Z]], [TIME[2021-09-16T09:21:33.936Z]] <https://twitter.com/tydalforce/status/1258802832058339328>

** フィリピン紀元

[24] [[フィリピンの標準時]]にも実例あり。

*** 米領フィリピン準州紀元

[73] [[米領フィリピン準州]]では、
準州設置から数えた[DFN[米領フィリピン準州紀元]]が使われました。

[100] 
現在確認できる用例は大統領布告が多いですが、
そうでない政府文書もありました [SRC[>>98 PDF 9ページ]]。

[104] 
[[米国]]本国の連邦や一部の州の[[法令]]と同形式であることから、
本国の制度を模倣したものと思われます。

-*-*-

[77] 現在確認できる最古の例は、[TIME[1935-11-15]] (準州設立の日) 
に第1年としたものです [SRC[>>76]]。

[127] 
当時の[[法令]]は[[英語]]版の他に[[スペイン語]]版もあり、
[[日付]]も[[スペイン語]]で同様に表現されました
[SRC[>>126]]。

[REFS[

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[126] 
[CITE[NLP Digital Collection]], [TIME[2017-01-07T05:18:06.000Z]], [TIME[2021-09-15T08:36:55.610Z]] <http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/OG01/1935sp/dec/12/datejpg1.htm>
[CSECTION[Official Gazette (Spanish) Dec 12, 1935]] 
画像5頁
]FIGCAPTION]

>
Dada en la Ciudad de Manila, Filipinas, hoy, quince de[BR[]] noviembre del año de Nuestro Señor mil novecicntos treinta[BR[]] y cinco, y año primero del [I[Commonwealth]] de Filipinas.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[76] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 1, s. 1935 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 11:28:26 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1935/11/15/proclamation-no-1-s-1935/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done at the City of Manila, this fifteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-five, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the first.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[106] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 105, s. 1936 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:02:31 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1936/11/13/proclamation-no-105-s-1936/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this thirteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-six and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the first.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[105] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 106, s. 1936 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:00:54 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1936/11/13/proclamation-no-106-s-1936/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this thirteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-six and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the second.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[108] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 222, s. 1937 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:09:18 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1937/11/15/proclamation-no-222-s-1937/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>
Done at the City of Manila, this fifteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-seven, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the second.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[107] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 224, s. 1937 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:08:06 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1937/11/16/proclamation-no-224-s-1937/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this sixteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-seven, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the third.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[110] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 175, s. 1938 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:13:29 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1938/11/11/executive-order-no-175-s-1938/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this eleventh day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-eight, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the third.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[109] [CITE@en-US[Administrative Order No. 81, s. 1938 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:12:45 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1938/11/19/administrative-order-no-81-s-1938/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 19th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-eight, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fourth.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[9] [CITE@en-US[Quezon’s Code of Citizenship and Ethics » Manuel L. Quezon III]]
([TIME[2016-06-24 18:35:22 +09:00]])
<http://www.quezon.ph/familyinfo/quezons-code-of-citizenship-and-ethics/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done at the City of Manila, this nineteenth day of August, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-nine, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fourth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[112] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 234, s. 1939 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:15:47 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1939/11/08/executive-order-no-234-s-1939/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this eighth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-nine, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fourth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[111] [CITE@en-US[Administrative Order No. 110, s. 1939 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:15:09 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1939/11/17/administrative-order-no-110-s-1939/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this seventeenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-nine, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fifth.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[114] [CITE@en-US[Administrative Order No. 137, s. 1940 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:18:18 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1940/11/07/administrative-order-no-137-s-1940/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 7th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, Nineteen Hundred and Forty, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fifth.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[113] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 641, s. 1940 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:17:46 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1940/11/18/proclamation-no-641-s-1940/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this eighteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the sixth.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[115] [CITE@en-US[Administrative Order No. 160, s. 1941 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:21:00 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1941/11/14/administrative-order-no-160-s-1941/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 14th day of November in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-one, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the sixth.
]FIG]

- [117] [CITE[19411119-AO-0161-MLQ.pdf]], [TIME[2018-07-25 17:39:12 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1941/11nov/19411119-AO-0161-MLQ.pdf>
-- [118] 「sixth」と印字、「seventh」と手書き修正。
--
[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[116] [CITE@en-US[Administrative Order No. 161, s. 1941 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:21:54 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1941/11/19/administrative-order-no-161-s-1941/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 19th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-one, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the seventh.

]FIG]

]REFS]

-*-*-

[84]
[TIME[西暦1941年][1941]]末、
[[太平洋戦争]]中の[[日本軍]]の進攻で[[米領フィリピン準州]]は一旦滅亡しましたが、
[[米領フィリピン準州]]政府首脳らは[[豪州]]や[[米国]]本国に逃亡し[[亡命政府]]の形を取りました。
その間にも[[フィリピン準州紀元]]が使われたことが、
[[フィリピン]]政府 [[Webサイト]]掲載の法令から確認できます。

[REFS[

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[119] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 5-W, s. 1942 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:24:14 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1942/10/11/executive-order-no-5-w-s-1942/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this eleventh day of October, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-two, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the seventh.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[120] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 6-W, s. 1943 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:27:35 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1943/01/29/executive-order-no-6-w-s-1943/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-three, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the eight.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[121] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 8-W, s.1943 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:29:05 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1943/10/01/executive-order-no-8-w-s-1943/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this first day of October, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-three, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the eighth.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[122][CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 9-W, s. 1944 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:31:17 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1944/02/02/executive-order-no-9-w-s-1944/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this second day of February, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the ninth.
]FIG]

]REFS]

-*-*-

[85] 
[TIME[西暦1944年][1944]]秋、
[[米軍]]の進攻で[[大日本帝国]][[南方占領地]]旧[[米領フィリピン準州]]を奪還し、
[[米領フィリピン準州]]は再興されました。
[[フィリピン準州紀元]]も再び[[フィリピン]]現地で使われるようになりました。

[86] 
[[フィリピン]]政府の [[Webサイト]]では、
独立直前の[TIME[1946-06-28]]を第11年としたものが最も新しい例です。
[SRC[>>83]]

[REFS[

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[123] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 5, s. 1944 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:32:17 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1944/11/13/proclamation-no-5-s-1944/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the seat of Government in the Field, this thirteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the ninth.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[124] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 25, s. 1944 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:33:20 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1944/11/18/executive-order-no-25-s-1944/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the Seat of Government in the Field, this 18th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the tenth.
]FIG]

]REFS]

-*-*-

[89] 
[[英国王即位紀年]]の伝統を受け継ぎ、
準州設立日が[[年始]]となる方式でした [SRC[>>88, >>87]]。

[REFS[

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[88] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 73, s. 1945 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 14:11:14 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1945/11/12/executive-order-no-73-s-1945/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, this 12th day of November in the year of Our Lord, Nineteen Hundred and Forty-Five, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Tenth.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[87] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 22, s. 1945 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 14:10:13 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1945/11/18/proclamation-no-22-s-1945/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at Honolulu, Hawaii, this 18th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-five, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the eleventh.
]FIG]

- [83] [CITE[19460628-AO-0044-ROXAS.pdf]], [TIME[2018-07-25 17:38:50 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1946/06jun/19460628-AO-0044-ROXAS.pdf>
--
[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[82] [CITE@en-US[Administrative Order No. 44, s. 1946 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 13:58:36 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1946/06/28/administrative-order-no-44-s-1946/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 28th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the eleventh.

]FIG]

]REFS]

*** フィリピン第2共和国紀元

[72] [[大東亜戦争]]中に建国された親日政権のフィリピン第2共和国でも、
米国式の法体系が引き続き適用され、
大統領布告には[TIME[1943-10-14]]の建国から数えた[DFN[フィリピン共和国紀元]]が使われました。

[79] [[フィリピン]]政府の [[Webサイト]]で確認できる最古の例は、
[TIME[1943-10-23]]に第1年と書いたものです [SRC[>>78]]。  
これは政令第4号なので、初出は更に遡ると思われます。

[91] 現在 [[Web]] 上で確認できる最も新しい例は、
[TIME[1944-09-22]]に第1年と書いたものです [SRC[>>92]]。  
第2共和国の統治は滅亡までもうしばらくは続きました
[WEAK[([TIME[1945-04-28]]に大統領が[[日本]]に逃亡、[TIME[1945-08-17]]に解散)]]
から、
より新しい例もあった可能性があります。

[REFS[

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[78] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 4, s. 1943 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 13:47:46 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1943/10/23/executive-order-no-4-s-1943/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 23rd day of October, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-three, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[32] [CITE[PROCLAMATION No. 30]]
([TIME[2010-06-02 19:03:36 +09:00]])
<http://www.lawphil.net/executive/proc/procXXX/proc_30_1944.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in the City of Manila, this 22nd day of September, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[90] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 44, s. 1944 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 14:28:46 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1944/03/31/executive-order-no-44-s-1944/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 31st day of March, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[92] [CITE[G.R. No. L-22 December 20, 1945 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. BENEDICTO S. JOSE - 075 Phil 612 | Home of ChanRobles Virtual Law Library]], [TIME[2021-04-18 14:34:15 +09:00]] <https://lawlibrary.chanrobles.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9518:g-r-no-l-22-december-20,-1945-people-of-the-phil-v-benedicto-s-jose-br-br-075-phil-612&catid=685&Itemid=566>
]FIGCAPTION]

>PROCLAMATION NO. 30
>PROCLAIMING THE EXISTENCE OF A STATE OF WAR IN

>Done in the City of Manila, this 22nd day of September, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first. 
]FIG]

]REFS]

*** フィリピン第3共和国紀元

[34] [[太平洋戦争]]末期に[[米国]]に再併合されて[[米領フィリピン準州]]となり、
[[米国]]から独立する形で改めて[TIME[1946-07-04]]に建国されたフィリピン第3共和国では、
建国から数えた[DFN[フィリピン共和国独立紀元]] ([DFN[フィリピン独立紀元]],
[DFN[フィリピン共和国紀元]])
が使われました。
[[フィリピン共和国紀元]]と字面がよく似ていますが、
[[元年]]が違うことに注意が必要です。

[102] 
一部の[[法令]]や[[条約]]の署名で使われたことが確認されています。

[101] 
独立初日に元年と書いた例がありました。 [SRC[>>80]]
最古の用例と思われます。

[REFS[
- [80] [CITE[19460704-EO-0001-ROXAS.pdf]], [TIME[2018-07-25 17:38:47 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1946/07jul/19460704-EO-0001-ROXAS.pdf>
--
[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[81] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 1, s. 1946 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 13:52:54 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1946/07/04/executive-order-no-1-s-1946/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 4th day of July, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the first.
]FIG]

]REFS]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[74] [CITE@en-US[Administrative Order No. 23, s. 1946 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-17T02:28:42.000Z]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1946/12/21/administrative-order-no-23-s-1946/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 21st day of December, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six and of the Independence of the Philippines, the first.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[5] [CITE@en[Philippines Treaty]]
([TIME[2016-06-25 00:17:38 +09:00]])
<https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal-considerations/international-treaties-agreements/bilateral-consular-conventions/philippines-treaty.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in duplicate at Manila, this fourteenth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and fourty-seven and of the Independence of the Republic of the Philippines the first.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[125] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 66 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:45:04 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1947/06/27/executive-order-no-66/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 27[SUP[th]] day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the first.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[94] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 28, s. 1947 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 18:43:57 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1947/07/12/proclamation-no-28-2/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 12[SUP[th]] day of July, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the second.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[35] ([TIME[2017-03-01 07:32:32 +09:00]])
<http://worldjpn.grips.ac.jp/documents/texts/JPSEA/19560509.T1J.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

>  千九百五十六年五月九日(昭和三十一年五月九日及びフィリピン共和国独立第十年五月九日に相当する。)にマニラ市で、本書二通を作成した。

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[40] [CITE[Treaty of amity, commerce and navigation (with protocol and two series of agreed minutes — the second one con cerning trade between Japan and the Republic of the Philippines—and exchanges of notes). Signed at Tokyo on 9 December 1960]]
([TIME[2014-11-22 09:01:34 +09:00]])
<https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201001/volume-1001-I-14703-English.pdf>
]FIGCAPTION]

> DONE in duplicate at Tokyo, this ninth day of the twelfth month in the thirty-fifth year of Showa, corresponding to the ninth day of December in the fifteenth
> year of the Independence of the Republic of the Philippines and to the ninth day of
> December, one thousand nine hundred and sixty.

]FIG]

-*-*-

[75] 
[[元号名]]は、
[[大統領令]]では「Independence of the Philippines」でしたが、
一部の[[条約]]には「Independence of the Republic of the Philippines」
がみられました。

[99] 
他に一部の[[大統領令]]、[[条約]]で
「Republic of the Philippines」
がみられました。
この場合第2共和国紀元とまったく同じ[[元号名]]なのに[[元期]]がずれているので、
特に要注意です。

[REFS[

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[93] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 16, s. 1946 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 14:51:20 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1946/12/05/proclamation-no-16-2/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 5[SUP[th]] day of December, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[95] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 45, s. 1947 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 14:52:50 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1947/02/17/executive-order-no-45-s-1947/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Manila, this 17th day of February, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[96] [CITE@en-US[Executive Order No. 110, s. 1947 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]], [TIME[2021-04-18 14:53:38 +09:00]] <https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1947/12/12/executive-order-no-110-s-1947/>
]FIGCAPTION]

>Done at the City of Baguio, this 12th day of December, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the second.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[98] [CITE[AI-March 21, 1950.pdf]], [TIME[2018-10-25 12:41:34 +09:00]] <https://www.pbcom.com.ph/sites/default/files/2018-10/AI-March%2021%2C%201950.pdf>
]FIGCAPTION]

PDF 1ページ

>this 15th day of December, in the year of our Load ninteen hundred and fifty, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the Fifth.

PDF 23ページ

>this 12th day of October, in the year of our Load ninteen hundred and fifty and of the Republic of the Philippines, the Fifth.
]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[97] [CITE[volume-507-i-7398-english.pdf]], [TIME[2021-04-18 14:55:19 +09:00]] <https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20507/volume-507-i-7398-english.pdf#page=4>
]FIGCAPTION]

>D[SMALLCAPS[ONE]] in Manila, Philippines, this 26th day of February in the year one thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight and of the Republic of the Philippines the twelfth, in the English and Hebrew languages, the two texts being equally authentic.
]FIG]

]REFS]

-*-*-

[45] 
[TIME[西暦1962(フィリピン独立16)年6月15日][1962-06-15]]の大統領布告に、
[[西暦]]に[[フィリピン共和国紀元]]を併記したものと、
[[西暦]]のみのものがありました。
[SRC[>>43, >>44]]
これ以降原則[[西暦]]のみが使われるようになりました。

[103] 併記廃止の理由を説明したものは見当たらず、不明です。
大統領布告以外での状況も不明です。

[REFS[

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[43] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 33, s. 1962 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]
([TIME[2019-12-13 20:54:09 +09:00]])
<https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1962/06/15/proclamation-no-33-s-1962/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in the City of Manila, this 15th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and sixty-two, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the sixteenth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[44] [CITE@en-US[Proclamation No. 34, s. 1962 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]
([TIME[2019-12-13 20:54:30 +09:00]])
<https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1962/06/15/proclamation-no-34-s-1962/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in the City of Manila, this 15th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and sixty-two.

]FIG]

]REFS]

-*-*-

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[41] [CITE@en-US[General Order No. 8, s. 1972 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]
([TIME[2019-12-13 20:50:00 +09:00]])
<https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1972/09/27/general-order-no-8-s-1972/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in the City of Manila, this 27th day of September, in the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-two, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the ______________.

]FIG]

[42] この前後の[[法令]]は[[西暦]]のみなので、なぜこれだけこのような表記なのか謎。
直前の[TIME[1972-09-21]]に[[戒厳令]]により[[憲法]]が停止されていました。

** 大学紀元

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[8] [CITE@ja[元号について | 布忠.com]]
([[Sakai Nobuo]] 著, [TIME[2011-01-14 02:23:30 +09:00]] 版)
<http://www.nunochu.com/japan/gengo.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

> ではもともと英国の植民地だった米国も西暦だけかと思うと、ほかに「アメリカ合衆国建国○○年」という紀年法がある。どれくらい一般的に使用されているかはわからないけど、たとえば東北楽天ゴールデンイーグルスの初代GMであるマーティ・キーナート氏は、自分が持っている大学卒業証書についてこう書いている。
> 「西暦1968年、アメリカ合衆国建国192年、大学創立77年の6月16日にカリフォルニア州のスタンフォード大学で」学士号を授与されたと、しっかり記されている。

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[14] [CITE@en[Board Question #66322 | The 100 Hour Board]]
([TIME[2016-06-25 00:44:06 +09:00]])
<http://theboard.byu.edu/questions/66322/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Dated this twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord two thousand and seven and of the University, the One Hundred and Thirty-Second.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[15] [CITE@en[Full text of "The Ohio Alumnus, November 1941"]]
([TIME[2016-06-25 00:45:22 +09:00]])
<https://archive.org/stream/ohioalumnusnovem192ohio/ohioalumnusnovem192ohio_djvu.txt>
]FIGCAPTION]

> The Officers and 
> Executive Committee of The Ohio Uni- 
> versity Alumni Association have awarded 
> this Certificate of Merit to Anna Pearl 
> McVay in recognition of distinguished at- 
> tainments in the field of Classical Lan- 
> guages which reflect credit upon her 
> Alma Mater and are viewed with satisfac- 
> tion by her Alumni Association. Given 
> at Athens, in the State of Ohio, this 
> eighth day of June, in the year of our 
> Lord nineteen hundred and forty-one, of 
> the University the one hundred and 
> thirty-seventh, and of the Association, the 
> eighty-second.

]FIG]

** 連邦独立紀元

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[1] [CITE@en[Constitution of the United States of America - Wikisource, the free online library]]
([TIME[2016-05-24 19:19:37 +09:00]])
<https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States_of_America>
]FIGCAPTION]

> done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independance of the United States of America the Twelfth

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[2] [CITE@en[Proclamation 153 - Wikisource, the free online library]]
([TIME[2016-05-24 23:38:20 +09:00]])
<https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Proclamation_153>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done at the city of Washington, this second day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the ninetieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[4] [CITE@en[Regnal year - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]]
([TIME[2016-06-23 23:47:33 +09:00]])
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnal_year>
]FIGCAPTION]

> While not strictly a regnal year, time in the United States of America can be derived from the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776). For example, the U.S. Constitution is dated as signed in "the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth," and Presidential proclamations will often be ended "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this '''['''ordinal''']''' day of '''['''month''']''', in the year of our Lord '''['''year''']''', and of the Independence of the United States of America the '''['''year''']'''." 2016 is the 241st year of the Independence of the United States of America. Time is also sometimes reckoned in terms (and sessions, if necessary) of Congress; e.g. House of Representatives Bill 2 of the 112th Congress is dated "112th CONGRESS, 1st Session".'''['''1''']'''

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[6] [CITE[ANISTORITON: Sources]]
([TIME[2007-12-20 15:01:09 +09:00]])
<http://www.anistor.gr/english/enback/s001.htm>
]FIGCAPTION]

> DONE at the City of Washington this Fourth day of July in the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and seventy-first.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[7] [CITE[War Suspended, Peace Assured]]
([TIME[2016-06-25 00:22:01 +09:00]])
<http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0812.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done at the City of Washington, this 12th day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-third.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[12] [CITE[Avalon Project - Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Pennsylvania]]
([TIME[2016-06-25 00:33:15 +09:00]])
<http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratpa.asp>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done in Convention at Philadelphia the twelfth day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[13] [CITE[Tenser, said the Tensor: A Star on my Diploma]]
([TIME[2016-06-25 00:43:16 +09:00]])
<http://tenser.typepad.com/tenser_said_the_tensor/2009/10/a-star-on-my-diploma.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Given at Seattle, in the State of Washington, this twelfth day of June, two thousand and nine and of the University the one hundred and forty-ninth.
> '''['''signatures and seals''']'''
> See that last sentence?  It contains an ungrammatical coordination: this twelfth day of June, two thousand and nine and of the University the one hundred and forty-ninth.  That sentence makes it sound as if this is the twelfth of June 2009 and also the twelfth of the University the one hundred and forty-ninth, whatever that might mean.  I'm pretty certain I can guess how this happened.  Something's missing—can you see what it is?  I'll bet that sentence used to read:
> Given at Seattle, in the State of Washington, this twelfth day of June, the Year of Our Lord two thousand and nine and of the University the one hundred and forty-ninth.
> ...then somebody noticed it's inappropriate to have a religious reference in a diploma from a state school, and they solved the problem by deleting it.  Heck of a job.  Nicely done.
> '''['''Update: The Wife pointed out that I also have an MA from the same institution and suggested I check if it has the same error.  It doesn't!  The corresponding line reads: "Given at Seattle, in the State of Washington, this seventeenth Day of December, Two Thousand and Four, in the One Hundred and forty-fourth Year of the University."  They've successfully avoided the error by recasting the sentence.

]FIG]

[25] [CITE[meaning in context - What does 'the Twelfth' mean in Article 7 of the US Constitution? - English Language Learners Stack Exchange]]
([TIME[2016-12-25 22:47:44 +09:00]])
<http://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/85294/what-does-the-twelfth-mean-in-article-7-of-the-us-constitution>

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[26] [CITE[アメリカ合衆国憲法|About THE USA|アメリカンセンターJAPAN]]
([TIME[2016-12-25 23:10:50 +09:00]])
<https://americancenterjapan.com/aboutusa/laws/2566/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> 西暦1787 年、アメリカ合衆国独立第12 年、9 月17 日、憲法会議において列席各州全会一致の同意に より、この憲法を定めた。

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[27] [CITE@en[United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/Organic Laws of the United States/Articles of Confederation - Wikisource, the free online library]]
([TIME[2016-12-10 17:22:57 +09:00]])
<https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large/Volume_1/Organic_Laws_of_the_United_States/Articles_of_Confederation>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the 9th day of July, in the Year of our Lord 1778, and in the third year of the Independence of America.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[28] [CITE@ja[北軍による海上封鎖 - Wikipedia]]
([TIME[2016-12-19 13:47:01 +09:00]])
<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%81%E9%8E%96>
]FIGCAPTION]

> ワシントン市において、西暦1861年、アメリカ独立から85年の4月19日。

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[29] [CITE@en-US[History - The Montgomery House]]
([TIME[2017-09-07 00:18:16 +09:00]])
<https://themontgomeryhouse.com/history/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> The year and circumstances of construction are documented by an inscription on the back of a baseboard now in the collection of the Lancaster County Historical Society:
>> Built by William Montgomery the year of our Lord 1804 Stephen Hills house carpenter in the 4th year of the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson Esq. and 29th year of the Independence of the United States of America.

]FIG]

;; [57] 
「[VAR[n]]th year of the Presidency of [VAR[who]]」
という表現は[[英語]]では一般的なものらしい。
本引用文のような形態は[[紀年法として成立しているというべきか微妙][紀年法の成熟度]]なライン。

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[30] [CITE@en[Code of Laws - Title 27 - Chapter 7 - Form And Execution Of Conveyances]]
([TIME[2017-09-07 00:20:21 +09:00]])
<http://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t27c007.php>
]FIGCAPTION]

> "Witness my hand and seal this ___ day of __________ in the year of our Lord __________ and in the ___ year of the independence of the United States of America. "__________ '''['''L.S.''']'''"

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[31] [CITE@en[Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union - Wikisource, the free online library]]
([TIME[2017-10-20 06:40:00 +09:00]])
<https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation_and_Perpetual_Union>
]FIGCAPTION]

> Done at Philadelphia in the State of Pennsylvania the ninth day of July in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy-Eight, and in the Third Year of the independence of America.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[36] [CITE@en[Letters patent - Wikipedia]]
([TIME[2019-04-11 20:24:34 +09:00]])
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letters_patent>
]FIGCAPTION]

> GIVEN under my hand, in '''['''city''']''' the '''['''date''']''' in the year of our Lord '''['''year''']''' and of the Independence of the United States the '''['''years since July 4, 1776''']'''.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[37] [CITE@en-US[Presidential Proclamation on World Freedom Day, 2018 | The White House]]
([TIME[2019-04-13 19:20:34 +09:00]])
<https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-proclamation-world-freedom-day-2018/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this
> eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord two thousand eighteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-third.
>  DONALD J. TRUMP

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[46] [CITE@en[Presidential Proclamation -- Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States | whitehouse.gov]]
([TIME[2019-08-15 04:11:56 +09:00]])
<https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/12/23/presidential-proclamation-harmonized-tariff-schedule-united-states>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[47] [CITE@en[Presidential Proclamation -- National African American History Month, 2016 | whitehouse.gov]]
([TIME[2019-08-14 05:38:16 +09:00]])
<https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/01/29/presidential-proclamation-national-african-american-history-month-2016>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[3] [CITE@en[Presidential Proclamation -- LGBT Pride Month, 2016 | whitehouse.gov]]
([TIME[2016-06-24 23:40:51 +09:00]])
<https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/05/31/presidential-proclamation-lgbt-pride-month-2016>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[48] ([TIME[2015-10-11 01:19:08 +09:00]])
<http://www.acb.org/arizona/proclamation.html>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[49] [CITE@en-US[President proclaims Employer Support of Guard, Reserve Week > National Guard > Guard News - The National Guard]]
([TIME[2020-01-04 12:37:19 +09:00]])
<https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/613882/president-proclaims-employer-support-of-guard-reserve-week/>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[50] [CITE[Federal Register, Volume 81 Issue 129 (Wednesday, July 6, 2016)]]
([TIME[2019-12-24 05:06:34 +09:00]])
<https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-07-06/html/2016-16174.htm>
]FIGCAPTION]

>                 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 
>                 thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord two 
>                 thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United 
>                 States of America the two hundred and fortieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[51] [CITE@en[Presidential Proclamation -- Father's Day, 2016 | whitehouse.gov]]
([TIME[2019-08-15 05:36:53 +09:00]])
<https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/06/17/presidential-proclamation-fathers-day-2016>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of June, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[52] [CITE@en[Presidential Proclamation -- Establishment of the Stonewall National Monument | whitehouse.gov]]
([TIME[2019-08-14 00:41:13 +09:00]])
<https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/06/24/presidential-proclamation-establishment-stonewall-national-monument>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[53] [CITE@en[Presidential Proclamation -- Implementing the World Trade Organization Declaration on the Expansion of Trade in Information Technology Products and For Other Purposes | whitehouse.gov]]
([TIME[2019-08-13 19:39:49 +09:00]])
<https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/06/30/presidential-proclamation-implementing-world-trade-organization>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[54] [CITE@en[Presidential Proclamation -- Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Dallas, Texas | whitehouse.gov]]
([TIME[2019-08-13 13:46:47 +09:00]])
<https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/07/08/presidential-proclamation-honoring-victims-attack-dallas-texas>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-first.

]FIG]

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[55] [CITE@en[Presidential Proclamation -- Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Nice, France | whitehouse.gov]]
([TIME[2019-08-13 14:40:51 +09:00]])
<https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/07/15/presidential-proclamation-honoring-victims-attack-nice-france>
]FIGCAPTION]

> IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-first.

]FIG]

[130] 
[CITE@ja[たまや@単冠湾提督さんはTwitterを使っています: 「大統領告示の最後に、「本年は神の定めし(西暦)2017年9月15日。アメリカが独立を得ました242年目であります」という文面が有り1775年?と思ったら1776年7月4日を「独立元年」としてカウントするからなんだね アメリカ独立宣言:https://t.co/JQFKJ36o45」 / [[Twitter]]]], 午後2:17 · 2017年9月16日 [TZ[+09:00]], [TIME[2022-07-21T02:15:04.000Z]] <https://twitter.com/daisuke0923pax/status/908922830586126336>

[131] [CITE@en-US[A Proclamation on the Death of Queen Elizabeth II - [[The White House]]]], [[The White House]], [TIME[2022-09-15T06:53:54.000Z]] <https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/09/08/a-proclamation-on-the-death-of-queen-elizabeth-ii/>

>   IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-two, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-seventh.

[TIME[2022-09-08]]

[132] [CITE@ja-JP[公正取引 (1)(303)]], [[公正取引協会]], [TIME[1976-01]], [TIME[2023-01-06T06:14:39.000Z]], [TIME[2023-01-08T15:19:45.840Z]] <https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/2682225/1/11> (要登録)

[134] 
[CITE[3320774.pdf]], [TIME[2023-02-20T13:41:33.000Z]] <https://www.digital.archives.go.jp/acv/contents/pub/PDFdyn/0005/lossy/H1400a01850000/3320774.pdf>

[135] >>134 米国の駐日領事の着任時に日本政府に提出された米国政府の領事委任状の日本語訳
(日本政府による翻訳?)。
昭和27年。
[[西暦]]と「[V[アメリカ合衆国独立紀元]]」の併記。

[136] 
[CITE[1263415.pdf]], [TIME[2023-02-20T14:17:05.000Z]] <https://www.digital.archives.go.jp/acv/contents/pub/PDFdyn/0001/H1500g02420000/1263415.pdf#page=4>

[137] [CITE@en[Proclamation, 14 August 1790]], [TIME[2022-12-27T02:32:30.000Z]], [TIME[2023-03-06T13:33:23.284Z]] <https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-06-02-0122>

>GIVEN under my hand and the seal of the United States, in the city of New-York, the fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and in the fifteenth year of the sovereignty and independence of the United States.

* メモ

[133] 連邦独立紀元と州紀元の併記があってもよさそうなのに、意外とありませんね。

[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[69] [CITE@en[Calendar era - Wikipedia]]
([TIME[2020-07-15 00:18:22 +09:00]])
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_era>
]FIGCAPTION]

> The United States government sometimes uses a calendar of the era of its Independence, fixed on 4 July 1776, together with the Anno Domini civil calendar. For instance, its Constitution is dated "the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth."'''['''12''']''' Presidential proclamations are also dated in this way.'''['''13''']'''

]FIG]

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