[38] 米国建国紀元は、 米国の独立から数える建国紀元です。
[39] 同様の建国紀元が米国の各州や、 米国の植民地だったフィリピンにもあります。
[20] 米国では、法令などで西暦と合衆国や地方政府や大学の設立からの年数を併記することがあります。
[33] 米領フィリピン準州や独立後のフィリピン共和国初期の大統領布告には、 西暦と準州や共和国の設立からの年数が併記されていました。 英語の他にスペイン語がありました。
[56] 連邦独立紀元では、 独立記念日である を年始として数えるようです。 >>53, >>54 英国王即位紀年の伝統を受け継いだものとみられます。
Done in Frankfort, the 2nd day of December in the year of our Lord two thousand and two and in the 211th year of the Commonwealth,
DONE AT THE CAPITOL, in the City of Frankfort this 5th day of April in the year of Our Lord Two Thousand Four and in the 213th year of the Commonwealth.
DONE AT THE CAPITOL, in the City of Frankfort the 19th day of December, in the year of Our Lord Two Thousand Sixteen and in the 225th year of the Commonwealth.
Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Virginia; Begun and Held in the City of Williamsburg, on Monday, the 5th Day of October, in the Year of Our Lord 1778, and in the Third Year of the Commonwealth
Done in Convention, in the city of Richmond, on the 17th day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and in the eighty-fifth year of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Done in Convention, in the city of Richmond, on the first day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, and in the seventy-sixth year of the commonwealth of Virginia.
at Richmond, this 15th day of January in the year of our Lord two thousand and nineteen and in the 243rd year of the Commonwealth.
Done in convention at the city of Raleigh, this the 20th day of May, in the year of our Lord 1861, and in the eighty-fifth year of the independence of said State.
[70] テキサス共和国独立紀元:
The foregoing constitution was unanimously adopted by the delegates of Texas, in convention assembled, at the town of Washington, on the 17th day of March, in the year of our Lord [1836], and of the independence of the republic the first year.
Done at the town of Washington, the. twenty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord one [L. S.] thousand eight hundred and forty two, and of the Independence of Texas the seventh. SAM. HOUSTON. By the President: ANSON JONES, Secretary of State.
[71] テキサス独立紀元:
[60] 1845年にアメリカ合衆国はテキサス共和国を併合。 テキサス独立紀元はテキサス共和国独立紀元を引き継いでいる。
Adopted in Convention on the 2nd day of Feby, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one and of the independence of Texas the twenty-fifth.
Adopted in Convention on the 2nd day of Feby, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one and of the independence of Texas the twenty-fifth.
John William Spencer was appointed to Notary Public by Edward Clark Governor of the state of Texas on the fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Sixty one and in the year of the Independence of Texas the Twenty Sixth.
Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the State of Michigan this sixth day of May in the Year of our Lord, One Thousand Nine Hundred Eighty-One, and the Year of the Commonwealth, One Hundred Forty-Five.
[73] 米領フィリピン準州では、 準州設置から数えた米領フィリピン準州紀元が使われました。
[100] 現在確認できる用例は大統領布告が多いですが、 そうでない政府文書もありました >>98 PDF 9ページ。
[104] 米国本国の連邦や一部の州の法令と同形式であることから、 本国の制度を模倣したものと思われます。
[77] 現在確認できる最古の例は、 (準州設立の日) に第1年としたものです >>76。
[127] 当時の法令は英語版の他にスペイン語版もあり、 日付もスペイン語で同様に表現されました >>126。
Dada en la Ciudad de Manila, Filipinas, hoy, quince de
noviembre del año de Nuestro Señor mil novecicntos treinta y cinco, y año primero del Commonwealth de Filipinas.
Done at the City of Manila, this fifteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-five, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the first.
Done at the City of Manila, this thirteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-six and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the first.
Done at the City of Manila, this thirteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-six and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the second.
Done at the City of Manila, this fifteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-seven, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the second.
Done at the City of Manila, this sixteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-seven, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the third.
Done at the City of Manila, this eleventh day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-eight, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the third.
Done at the City of Manila, this 19th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-eight, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fourth.
Done at the City of Manila, this nineteenth day of August, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-nine, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fourth.
Done at the City of Manila, this eighth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-nine, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fourth.
Done at the City of Manila, this seventeenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirty-nine, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fifth.
Done at the City of Manila, this 7th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, Nineteen Hundred and Forty, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the fifth.
Done at the City of Manila, this eighteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the sixth.
Done at the City of Manila, this 14th day of November in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-one, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the sixth.
Done at the City of Manila, this 19th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-one, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the seventh.
[84] 末、 太平洋戦争中の日本軍の進攻で米領フィリピン準州は一旦滅亡しましたが、 米領フィリピン準州政府首脳らは豪州や米国本国に逃亡し亡命政府の形を取りました。 その間にもフィリピン準州紀元が使われたことが、 フィリピン政府 Webサイト掲載の法令から確認できます。
Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this eleventh day of October, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-two, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the seventh.
Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-three, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the eight.
Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this first day of October, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-three, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the eighth.
Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, this second day of February, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the ninth.
[85] 秋、 米軍の進攻で大日本帝国南方占領地旧米領フィリピン準州を奪還し、 米領フィリピン準州は再興されました。 フィリピン準州紀元も再びフィリピン現地で使われるようになりました。
[86] フィリピン政府の Webサイトでは、 独立直前のを第11年としたものが最も新しい例です。 >>83
Done at the seat of Government in the Field, this thirteenth day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the ninth.
Done at the Seat of Government in the Field, this 18th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the tenth.
[89] 英国王即位紀年の伝統を受け継ぎ、 準州設立日が年始となる方式でした >>88, >>87。
Done at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, this 12th day of November in the year of Our Lord, Nineteen Hundred and Forty-Five, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Tenth.
Done at Honolulu, Hawaii, this 18th day of November, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-five, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the eleventh.
Done at the City of Manila, this 28th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the eleventh.
[72] 大東亜戦争中に建国された親日政権のフィリピン第2共和国でも、 米国式の法体系が引き続き適用され、 大統領布告にはの建国から数えたフィリピン共和国紀元が使われました。
[79] フィリピン政府の Webサイトで確認できる最古の例は、 に第1年と書いたものです >>78。 これは政令第4号なので、初出は更に遡ると思われます。
[91] 現在 Web 上で確認できる最も新しい例は、 に第1年と書いたものです >>92。 第2共和国の統治は滅亡までもうしばらくは続きました (に大統領が日本に逃亡、に解散) から、 より新しい例もあった可能性があります。
Done at the City of Manila, this 23rd day of October, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-three, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.
Done in the City of Manila, this 22nd day of September, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.
Done at the City of Manila, this 31st day of March, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.
PROCLAMATION NO. 30
PROCLAIMING THE EXISTENCE OF A STATE OF WAR IN
Done in the City of Manila, this 22nd day of September, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.
[34] 太平洋戦争末期に米国に再併合されて米領フィリピン準州となり、 米国から独立する形で改めてに建国されたフィリピン第3共和国では、 建国から数えたフィリピン共和国独立紀元 (フィリピン独立紀元, フィリピン共和国紀元) が使われました。 フィリピン共和国紀元と字面がよく似ていますが、 元年が違うことに注意が必要です。
[102] 一部の法令や条約の署名で使われたことが確認されています。
[101] 独立初日に元年と書いた例がありました。 >>80 最古の用例と思われます。
Done at the City of Manila, this 4th day of July, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the first.
Done at the City of Manila, this 21st day of December, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six and of the Independence of the Philippines, the first.
Done in duplicate at Manila, this fourteenth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and fourty-seven and of the Independence of the Republic of the Philippines the first.
Done at the City of Manila, this 27th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the first.
Done at the City of Manila, this 12th day of July, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the second.
千九百五十六年五月九日(昭和三十一年五月九日及びフィリピン共和国独立第十年五月九日に相当する。)にマニラ市で、本書二通を作成した。
DONE in duplicate at Tokyo, this ninth day of the twelfth month in the thirty-fifth year of Showa, corresponding to the ninth day of December in the fifteenth
year of the Independence of the Republic of the Philippines and to the ninth day of
December, one thousand nine hundred and sixty.
[75] 元号名は、 大統領令では「Independence of the Philippines」でしたが、 一部の条約には「Independence of the Republic of the Philippines」 がみられました。
[99] 他に一部の大統領令、条約で 「Republic of the Philippines」 がみられました。 この場合第2共和国紀元とまったく同じ元号名なのに元期がずれているので、 特に要注意です。
Done at the City of Manila, this 5th day of December, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.
Done at the City of Manila, this 17th day of February, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the first.
Done at the City of Baguio, this 12th day of December, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the second.
PDF 1ページ
this 15th day of December, in the year of our Load ninteen hundred and fifty, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the Fifth.
PDF 23ページ
this 12th day of October, in the year of our Load ninteen hundred and fifty and of the Republic of the Philippines, the Fifth.
D
ONE in Manila, Philippines, this 26th day of February in the year one thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight and of the Republic of the Philippines the twelfth, in the English and Hebrew languages, the two texts being equally authentic.
[45] の大統領布告に、 西暦にフィリピン共和国紀元を併記したものと、 西暦のみのものがありました。 >>43, >>44 これ以降原則西暦のみが使われるようになりました。
[103] 併記廃止の理由を説明したものは見当たらず、不明です。 大統領布告以外での状況も不明です。
Done in the City of Manila, this 15th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and sixty-two, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the sixteenth.
Done in the City of Manila, this 15th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and sixty-two.
Done in the City of Manila, this 27th day of September, in the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-two, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the ______________.
[42] この前後の法令は西暦のみなので、なぜこれだけこのような表記なのか謎。 直前のに戒厳令により憲法が停止されていました。
ではもともと英国の植民地だった米国も西暦だけかと思うと、ほかに「アメリカ合衆国建国○○年」という紀年法がある。どれくらい一般的に使用されているかはわからないけど、たとえば東北楽天ゴールデンイーグルスの初代GMであるマーティ・キーナート氏は、自分が持っている大学卒業証書についてこう書いている。
「西暦1968年、アメリカ合衆国建国192年、大学創立77年の6月16日にカリフォルニア州のスタンフォード大学で」学士号を授与されたと、しっかり記されている。
Dated this twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord two thousand and seven and of the University, the One Hundred and Thirty-Second.
The Officers and
Executive Committee of The Ohio Uni-
versity Alumni Association have awarded
this Certificate of Merit to Anna Pearl
McVay in recognition of distinguished at-
tainments in the field of Classical Lan-
guages which reflect credit upon her
Alma Mater and are viewed with satisfac-
tion by her Alumni Association. Given
at Athens, in the State of Ohio, this
eighth day of June, in the year of our
Lord nineteen hundred and forty-one, of
the University the one hundred and
thirty-seventh, and of the Association, the
eighty-second.
done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independance of the United States of America the Twelfth
Done at the city of Washington, this second day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the ninetieth.
While not strictly a regnal year, time in the United States of America can be derived from the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776). For example, the U.S. Constitution is dated as signed in "the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth," and Presidential proclamations will often be ended "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this [ordinal] day of [month], in the year of our Lord [year], and of the Independence of the United States of America the [year]." 2016 is the 241st year of the Independence of the United States of America. Time is also sometimes reckoned in terms (and sessions, if necessary) of Congress; e.g. House of Representatives Bill 2 of the 112th Congress is dated "112th CONGRESS, 1st Session".[1]
DONE at the City of Washington this Fourth day of July in the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and seventy-first.
Done at the City of Washington, this 12th day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-third.
Done in Convention at Philadelphia the twelfth day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth.
Given at Seattle, in the State of Washington, this twelfth day of June, two thousand and nine and of the University the one hundred and forty-ninth.
[signatures and seals]
See that last sentence? It contains an ungrammatical coordination: this twelfth day of June, two thousand and nine and of the University the one hundred and forty-ninth. That sentence makes it sound as if this is the twelfth of June 2009 and also the twelfth of the University the one hundred and forty-ninth, whatever that might mean. I'm pretty certain I can guess how this happened. Something's missing—can you see what it is? I'll bet that sentence used to read:
Given at Seattle, in the State of Washington, this twelfth day of June, the Year of Our Lord two thousand and nine and of the University the one hundred and forty-ninth.
...then somebody noticed it's inappropriate to have a religious reference in a diploma from a state school, and they solved the problem by deleting it. Heck of a job. Nicely done.
[Update: The Wife pointed out that I also have an MA from the same institution and suggested I check if it has the same error. It doesn't! The corresponding line reads: "Given at Seattle, in the State of Washington, this seventeenth Day of December, Two Thousand and Four, in the One Hundred and forty-fourth Year of the University." They've successfully avoided the error by recasting the sentence.
[25] meaning in context - What does 'the Twelfth' mean in Article 7 of the US Constitution? - English Language Learners Stack Exchange () http://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/85294/what-does-the-twelfth-mean-in-article-7-of-the-us-constitution
西暦1787 年、アメリカ合衆国独立第12 年、9 月17 日、憲法会議において列席各州全会一致の同意に より、この憲法を定めた。
Done at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the 9th day of July, in the Year of our Lord 1778, and in the third year of the Independence of America.
ワシントン市において、西暦1861年、アメリカ独立から85年の4月19日。
The year and circumstances of construction are documented by an inscription on the back of a baseboard now in the collection of the Lancaster County Historical Society:
Built by William Montgomery the year of our Lord 1804 Stephen Hills house carpenter in the 4th year of the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson Esq. and 29th year of the Independence of the United States of America.
"Witness my hand and seal this ___ day of __________ in the year of our Lord __________ and in the ___ year of the independence of the United States of America. "__________ [L.S.]"
Done at Philadelphia in the State of Pennsylvania the ninth day of July in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy-Eight, and in the Third Year of the independence of America.
GIVEN under my hand, in [city] the [date] in the year of our Lord [year] and of the Independence of the United States the [years since July 4, 1776].
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this
eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord two thousand eighteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-third.
DONALD J. TRUMP
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this
thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord two
thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United
States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of June, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortieth.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-first.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord two thousand sixteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-first.
[130] たまや@単冠湾提督さんはTwitterを使っています: 「大統領告示の最後に、「本年は神の定めし(西暦)2017年9月15日。アメリカが独立を得ました242年目であります」という文面が有り1775年?と思ったら1776年7月4日を「独立元年」としてカウントするからなんだね アメリカ独立宣言:https://t.co/JQFKJ36o45」 / Twitter, 午後2:17 · 2017年9月16日 , https://twitter.com/daisuke0923pax/status/908922830586126336
[131] A Proclamation on the Death of Queen Elizabeth II - The White House, The White House, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/09/08/a-proclamation-on-the-death-of-queen-elizabeth-ii/
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-two, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-seventh.
[132] 公正取引 (1)(303), 公正取引協会, , , https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/2682225/1/11 (要登録)
[134] 3320774.pdf, https://www.digital.archives.go.jp/acv/contents/pub/PDFdyn/0005/lossy/H1400a01850000/3320774.pdf
[135] >>134 米国の駐日領事の着任時に日本政府に提出された米国政府の領事委任状の日本語訳
(日本政府による翻訳?)。
昭和27年。
西暦と「
[136] 1263415.pdf, https://www.digital.archives.go.jp/acv/contents/pub/PDFdyn/0001/H1500g02420000/1263415.pdf#page=4
[137] Proclamation, 14 August 1790, , https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-06-02-0122
GIVEN under my hand and the seal of the United States, in the city of New-York, the fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and in the fifteenth year of the sovereignty and independence of the United States.
[133] 連邦独立紀元と州紀元の併記があってもよさそうなのに、意外とありませんね。
The United States government sometimes uses a calendar of the era of its Independence, fixed on 4 July 1776, together with the Anno Domini civil calendar. For instance, its Constitution is dated "the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth."[12] Presidential proclamations are also dated in this way.[13]