[4] pack と unpack はなんだか便利っぽい Perl の関数です。

[1]

ビット数	unsigned	unsigned big	unsigned little	signed	signed big	signed little
8	C			c
16	S	n = S>	v = S<	s	s>	s<
32	L	N = L>	V = L<	l	l>	l<
C int	I	I>	i<	i	i>	i<
64	Q	Q>	Q<	q	q>	q<

[3] <, > は 5.10 以上 >>2。