[41] Web における Notifications API は、著者から利用者に対する通知のための API です。 Notification オブジェクトは通知を表します。

仕様書

関連

[111] プッシュ通知の配信には Web Push と Push API を使います。

歴史

showNotification

[38] 2008年5月、 OS が通知の仕組みを提供するのが一般的になってきていたことや Google Gears >>36 や Opera Widgets >>32, >>33 のように Web にもこれを持ち込む動きが出てきたことを受け >>34、 HTML5 に showNotification API が追加されました >>28。 この API は平文の通知に対応していました。

  • [36] NotificationAPI - gears - Providing desktop notifications for web applications. - Improving Your Web Browser - Google Project Hosting ( 版) https://code.google.com/p/gears/wiki/NotificationAPI?redir=1
  • [35] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20080528 ( 版) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20080528#l-841
  • [34] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20080529 ( 版) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20080529
  • [28] Web Applications 1.0 r1714 showNotification() -- first draft. ( 版) http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=1713&to=1714
  • [32] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20081022 ( 版) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20081022#l-321
  • [33] widget ( 版) http://web.archive.org/web/20080803044825/http://dev.opera.com/libraries/widgetobject/docs/widget.dml#showNotification

[39] しかし Google Gears は平文ではなく HTML による通知を望んでいたこと、 他の Webブラウザーが実装の意思を示さなかったことから、 showNotification は削除されました >>31, >>27。 Ian Hickson は、 HTML の通知はプラットフォーム側の通知 API と統合できなくなることを指摘し、複数の実装者が興味を示さない限り (Ian により) 仕様に含めることを拒んでいます >>37。それに対し Mike Smith は W3C での標準化を提案しており、これが Web Notifications WG へとつながったようです。

  • [31] Web Applications 1.0 r2597 Remove the showNotification() API due to lack of interest from implementors. ( 版) http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=2596&to=2597
  • [37] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20081229 ( 版) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20081229#l-169
  • [30] [whatwg] HTML vs Plain Text in Notifications ( 版) http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2008-September/016211.html
  • [27] Web Applications 1.0 r2896 Remove the commented-out notification API. ( 版) http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=2895&to=2896
  • [29] [whatwg] Persistent SharedWorkers ( 版) http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-March/018769.html

Web Notifications

[64] W3C は Web Notification Working Group を設立し、 Web Notifications 仕様の開発を始めました。

  • [1] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20100106 ( 版) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20100106#l-306
  • [25] Web Notifications ( 版) http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/WebNotifications/publish/
  • [26] Web Notifications ( 版) http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/WebNotifications/publish/Overview.html?content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8
  • [6] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20100202 ( 版) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20100202#l-909
  • [2] Desktop Notifications (The Chromium Projects) ( 版) http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/desktop-notifications
  • [3] 0xFE - 11111110b - 0376 - 254 b9#9: Desktop Notifications with WebKit ( 版) http://0xfe.blogspot.com/2010/04/desktop-notifications-with-webkit.html
  • [4] Web Notification Working Group ( 版) http://www.w3.org/2010/06/notification-charter.html
  • [5] Web Notification Working Group ( 版) http://www.w3.org/2010/web-notifications/
  • [7] Publishing a Web Notifications Working Draft (Anne van Kesteren 著, 版) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2011Feb/0005.html
  • [8] Web Notifications ( ( 版)) http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-notifications-20110301/
  • [9] API Specification - The Chromium Projects ( ( 版)) http://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/desktop-notifications/api-specification
  • [10] Feedback from Safari on Web Notifications ( (Maciej Stachowiak 著, 版)) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2012Mar/0000.html
  • [11] Editor? (was:Re: Feedback from Safari on Web Notifications) ( (Anne van Kesteren 著, 版)) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2012Mar/0001.html
  • [12] Notifications meetup outcome ( (Anne van Kesteren 著, 版)) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2012Apr/0018.html
  • [13] Web Notifications ( ( 版)) http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-notifications-20120614/

[67] Google が望んだ HTML の通知は結局実現せず、平文のみに対応しています。

[68] 途中から Apple も参加しています >>10。

Notifications API Standard

[59] annevk が W3C から締め出されたため、 Web Notifications は WHATWG に移り、 Notifications API Standard >>14 となりました。

[60] annevk が Chair 兼編集者だった W3C Web Notifications WG は閉鎖されるかに見えましたが >>16、 Apple の Jon Lee が Chair を引き受けたため >>17、継続されることになりました。

[61] 以後 W3C 側は WHATWG の (一部の) 変更をコピペして Web Notifications 仕様書を出版しています。

  • [14] Notifications API Standard ( ( 版)) http://notifications.spec.whatwg.org/
  • [15] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20121031 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20121031#l-754
  • [16] Shutting down the Web Notifications WG ( (Michael[tm] Smith 著, 版)) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2012Nov/0008.html
  • [17] Welcome new chair Jon Lee (Apple); Web Notification WG extended to 2013-12-31 ( (Michael[tm] Smith 著, 版)) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2013Jan/0003.html
  • [18] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130130 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130130#l-418
  • [19] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130212 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130212#l-613
  • [20] Moving to Last Call ( (Jon Lee 著, 版)) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2013May/0003.html
  • [21] Notifications WG update ( (Jon Lee 著, 版)) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2013Feb/0000.html
  • [22] Welcome new chair Jon Lee (Apple); Web Notification WG extended to 2013-12-31 ( (Michael[tm] Smith 著, 版)) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2013Jan/0003.html

新機能の追加

[62] WHATWG ではその後も実装経験と需要を踏まえた改訂が進められています。 新機能としては音声やバイブレーション、 Service Worker との統合が規定されています。 show や close のような不要とされたイベントは削除されています。

  • [23] [whatwg] Notifications: reviving Notification objects ( ( 版)) http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2013-July/039955.html
  • [24] Web Notifications ( ( 版)) http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-notifications-20130912/
  • [42] Remove pending notifications https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/iss... · f3bb90f · whatwg/notifications ( ( 版)) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/f3bb90fb6bf495e6fa04d2341c0504a8dd2d9a11
  • [43] Land IDL for service worker API · 98d59b9 · whatwg/notifications ( ( 版)) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/98d59b9fde6539aac4953c4ea80b8dc82a20e29e
  • [44] Define showNotification() · e587e4a · whatwg/notifications ( ( 版)) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/e587e4ae5b5ee450ad36e55245c46a66ca5aa294
  • [45] Allow for specifying a sound through a URL · eae0873 · whatwg/notifications ( ( 版)) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/eae0873a49d07f4e1ba4bcb03a7db8aec0fa35b6
  • [46] Integrate vibration · f57831c · whatwg/notifications ( ( 版)) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/f57831c11f90ec31b01a042508580bd45d74bb6c
  • [47] Add renotify/silent/noscreen/sticky to fix https://github.com/whatwg/not... · a849674 · whatwg/notifications ( ( 版)) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/a84967474a8f084e78573cf9c6f2d0fc12a8a558
  • [48] Make new Notification() throw in service workers. Fixes https://github.c... · 88a1881 · whatwg/notifications ( ( 版)) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/88a18815be5c57322c8cb37e6ed63d3ead58abca
  • [49] Remove the ability for the platform to fail displaying a notification pe... · 710d5fb · whatwg/notifications ( ( 版)) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/710d5fbd5466e84d22f04350b4f21e94ec1ea3eb
  • [50] Notifications API ( 版) https://secure.peter.sh/notifications.html
  • [51] Merge pull request #36 from beverloo/bikeshed · 6520411 · whatwg/notifications ( 版) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/6520411afc53c88dfe04651c731a783ce5dbb177
  • [52] Make it clearer that showNotification() never throws. Fixes #40 · 1f2beec · whatwg/notifications ( 版) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/1f2beec774a73c8a7864b65516968afbc6a6b6d6

[63] W3C はこうした WHATWG での改訂が進められる前の、 annevk 時代とほぼ同じ古い版を W3C Process に従い W3C勧告へと進めようとしています。 Mozilla や Google は実態に合わない仕様書を出版することに反対しました >>57, >>55 が、 W3C Director である TimBL は注意書きを添えれば十分 >>54 と主張して CR へと進めています >>58。

  • [57] Re: Web Notifications to CR: 48-hour Call for Consensus (CR) (Peter Beverloo 著, 版) https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015Feb/0005.html
  • [55] Re: Web Notifications to CR: 48-hour Call for Consensus (CR) (Anne van Kesteren 著, 版) https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015Mar/0003.html
  • [56] Web Notifications to CR: 48-hour Call for Consensus (CR) (Michael[tm] Smith 著, 版) https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015Feb/0000.html
  • [58] Web Notifications ( ( 版)) http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-notifications-20150519/
  • [53] Web Notification Working Group Charter Extended (Coralie Mercier 著, 版) https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015May/0001.html
  • [54] Re: Web Notification Working Group Charter Extended (Michael[tm] Smith 著, 版) https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-notification/2015May/0004.html
  • [65] Web Notifications ( 版) https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/notifications/raw-file/tip/Overview.html

[66] W3C の仕様書には「前編集者」と「WHATWG 編集者」しかいない奇妙な状態 >>58 ですが、 ED >>65 の履歴によると実際の作業は Edward O'Connor が行っているようです。

[69] 1052776 – Desktop notifications not accessible: Not read by screen reader, and fade away ( 版) https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1052776

[70] PSA: Android is *only* shipping Service Worker-based Notifications - Google Groups ( 版) https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/blink-dev/BygptYClroM

[71] Issue 901843006: Allow the embedder to disable the Notification constructor. - Code Review ( 版) https://codereview.chromium.org/901843006

[72] Web Notifications ( ( 版)) http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-notifications-20150910/

[73] Web Notifications ( 版) http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/REC-notifications-20151022/

[74] Notifying you of Changes to Notifications | Web Updates - Google Developers ( 版) https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2015/05/notifying-you-of-changes-to-notifications

new Notification('Hello', {body: 'Yay!'});

This was never supported on Android due to restrictions of the platform: specifically, Chrome can’t support the callbacks on the Notification object, such as onclick. But it’s used on desktop for displaying notifications for web apps you may currently have open.

[75] Notifying you of Changes to Notifications | Web Updates - Google Developers ( 版) https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2015/05/notifying-you-of-changes-to-notifications

The best way to feature detect for Android and desktop at the moment is to do the following:

function isNewNotificationSupported() {

if (!window.Notification || !Notification.requestPermission)

return false;

if (Notification.permission == 'granted')

throw new Error('You must only call this \*before\* calling

Notification.requestPermission(), otherwise this feature detect would bug the

user with an actual notification!');

try {

new Notification();

} catch (e) {

if (e.name == 'TypeError')

return false;

}

return true;

}

[76] Fix #50: clarify the impact of using the "renotify" flag · whatwg/notifications@a25f64f ( 版) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/a25f64fee4b2c11034c490a8130d50123a9b87be

[77] Web Notifications in Microsoft Edge | Microsoft Edge Dev Blog ( ()) https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2016/05/16/web-notifications-microsoft-edge/

[78] CodeIQ MAGAZINE|エンジニアのためのWebマガジン () https://codeiq.jp/magazine/

[79] >>78 アクセスすると (開いただけで) 通知の承認を要求されます。

[80] 「通知の表示」の許可を求めてくるサイトが増えてうざい件 | tech - 氾濫原 ( ()) https://lowreal.net/2016/06/16/1

出初めたぐらいに「これ、どうでもいい個人サイトとかもやりだしたらうざいだろうな」と思っていたけど、最近まさにそういう状態になっている。当然サービスワーカーもインストールされてる。ほとんどの場合サイトにアクセスしたときに勝手に出る。

[91] 朝日新聞デジタル:朝日新聞社のニュースサイト () https://www.asahi.com/

[92] >>91 アクセスすると (開いただけで) 通知の承認を要求されます。

[81] Add image property to notifications (johnmellor著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/8ccf1ac50444818ab013f43cb228f728e15ad126

[82] Use current global object for ServiceWorkerGlobalScope check (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/434ccaf63410f5fe71e7dd75a69bb9dee953079b

[83] Resolve showNotification() after showing notification (jakearchibald著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/bc5b3596625024e1b30704a244b3bd27ecbf5786

[84] Meta: update spec deploy and editing infrastructure (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/6ecf5958c0f46ed635c1cbe05e65bd47c08caac5

[85] Meta: enable PR preview and link web-platform-tests (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/8f54686682e33435ec0a1d3c7fcee6a028ba842e

[86] Use title variable correctly in create a notification (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/62c4d283a38f5e996b92ef7dfd230aa6ab61c38e

[87] Moving to the the Native Notification System on Mac OS X  |  Web  |  Google Developers () https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/native-mac-os-notifications

[88] Moving to the the Native Notification System on Mac OS X  |  Web  |  Google Developers () https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/native-mac-os-notifications

You can feature detect image support with the following code:

if ('image' in Notification.prototype) {  

  // Image is supported.

} else {  

  // Image is NOT supported.

}

[89] 516147 - [Feature Request] Display Chrome notifications in Action Center on Windows 10 - chromium - Monorail () https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=516147

[90] Use StructuredSerializeForStorage (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/8323d18ede1f7cfddd34b4260dd8408b16807ddd

[93] Require user gesture to request notification permissions · Issue #49 · WICG/interventions () https://github.com/WICG/interventions/issues/49

[94] Deprecations and Removals in Chrome 61  |  Web  |  Google Developers () https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/08/chrome-61-deprecations

[95] Meta: use new WHATWG boilerplate and license (domenic著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/2dacbc8c4991bbc88ca67c64d443782c9dbfcb37

[96] Meta: use new WHATWG boilerplate and license by domenic · Pull Request #118 · whatwg/notifications () https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/pull/118

[97] Add show and close events back (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/19616183fb52717d59313dd23bfa9e649081ce74

[98] Remove support for sounds from notifications (beverloo著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/459bf358cae197a5b88c6a227e018756ef4c21cd

[99] Remove support for sounds from notifications by beverloo · Pull Request #127 · whatwg/notifications () https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/pull/127

[100] Merge replacing and displaying into showing (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/e9407ebcc7f6606d5cc5fe2f6e1d6bb92e9158cd

[101] Merge replacing and displaying into showing by annevk · Pull Request #126 · whatwg/notifications () https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/pull/126

[102] Review Draft Publication: July 2018 (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/1733e392f38a7beea07f45aedbfaeb6fce410080

[103] Review Draft Publication: July 2018 by annevk · Pull Request #137 · whatwg/notifications () https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/pull/137

[104] Notifications API Standard Review Draft July 2018 () https://notifications.spec.whatwg.org/review-drafts/2018-07/

[105] Memorandum of Understanding Between W3C and WHATWG () https://www.w3.org/2019/04/WHATWG-W3C-MOU.html

[106] Remove obsolete replace steps reference (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/31c625a90c61f6b0c580dd8f84a28faa93390626

[107] Remove obsolete replace steps reference by annevk · Pull Request #141 · whatwg/notifications () https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/pull/141

[108] Review Draft Publication: January 2019 (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/4a053333020d52bd898f2a3cc2c6e1830bf00eff

[109] Review Draft Publication: January 2019 by annevk · Pull Request #143 · whatwg/notifications () https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/pull/143

[110] Notifications API Standard Review Draft January 2019 () https://notifications.spec.whatwg.org/review-drafts/2019-01/

[112] Chrome + Windows で表示されないことがある、なんでだろう。 DevTools では表示されたことになっているのに、実際には何も出てこないし Windows の通知一覧にも入っていない。

[113] Align with IDL constructor changes (autokagami著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/commit/976813ca068627405c972318441622ad94ff7557

[114] [notifications] Align with Web IDL specification by autokagami · Pull Request #151 · whatwg/notifications () https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/pull/151

[115] Fighting notification spam in Microsoft Edge - Microsoft Edge Blog, Microsoft Edge Blog, https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2023/07/06/fighting-notification-spam-microsoft-edge/