[41] [[Web]] における [DFN[[[Notifications API]]]] は、[[著者]]から[[利用者]]に対する[[通知]]のための [[API]] です。 [DFN[[CODE(DOMi)@en[[[Notification]]]]]] [[オブジェクト]]は[[通知]]を表します。 * 仕様書 [REFS[ - [40] [CITE@en-US[Notifications API Standard]] ([TIME[2014-02-11 16:20:34 +09:00]] 版) ]REFS] * 関連 [111] [[プッシュ通知]]の配信には [[Web Push]] と [[Push API]] を使います。 * 歴史 ** [CODE(DOMm)@en[showNotification]] [38] 2008年5月、 [[OS]] が[[通知]]の仕組みを提供するのが一般的になってきていたことや [[Google Gears]] [SRC[>>36]] や [[Opera Widgets]] [SRC[>>32, >>33]] のように [[Web]] にもこれを持ち込む動きが出てきたことを受け [SRC[>>34]]、 [[HTML5]] に [DFN[[CODE(DOMm)@en[[[showNotification]]]]]] [[API]] が追加されました [SRC[>>28]]。 この [[API]] は[[平文]]の[[通知]]に対応していました。 [REFS[ - [36] [CITE[NotificationAPI - gears - Providing desktop notifications for web applications. - Improving Your Web Browser - Google Project Hosting]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:44:39 +09:00]] 版) - [35] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20080528]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:40:39 +09:00]] 版) - [34] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20080529]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:39:15 +09:00]] 版) - [28] [CITE@en[Web Applications 1.0 r1714 showNotification() -- first draft.]] ([TIME[2008-05-29 21:08:00 +09:00]] 版) - [32] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20081022]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:38:03 +09:00]] 版) - [33] [CITE@en[widget]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:38:21 +09:00]] 版) ]REFS] [39] しかし [[Google Gears]] は[[平文]]ではなく [[HTML]] による[[通知]]を望んでいたこと、 他の [[Webブラウザー]]が実装の意思を示さなかったことから、 [CODE(DOMm)@en[[[showNotification]]]] は削除されました [SRC[>>31, >>27]]。 [[Ian Hickson]] は、 [[HTML]] の[[通知]]は[[プラットフォーム]]側の[[通知]] [[API]] と統合できなくなることを指摘し、複数の実装者が興味を示さない限り (Ian により) 仕様に含めることを拒んでいます [SRC[>>37]]。それに対し [[Mike Smith]] は [[W3C]] での標準化を提案しており、これが [[Web Notifications WG]] へとつながったようです。 [REFS[ - [31] [CITE@en[Web Applications 1.0 r2597 Remove the showNotification() API due to lack of interest from implementors.]] ([TIME[2008-12-28 15:20:00 +09:00]] 版) - [37] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20081229]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:49:02 +09:00]] 版) - [30] [CITE['''['''whatwg''']''' HTML vs Plain Text in Notifications]] ([TIME[2009-02-25 18:21:58 +09:00]] 版) - [27] [CITE@en[Web Applications 1.0 r2896 Remove the commented-out notification API.]] ([TIME[2009-03-24 11:12:00 +09:00]] 版) - [29] [CITE['''['''whatwg''']''' Persistent SharedWorkers]] ([TIME[2014-04-16 03:25:38 +09:00]] 版) ]REFS] ** Web Notifications [64] [[W3C]] は [DFN[[[Web Notification Working Group]]]] を設立し、 [DFN[[[Web Notifications]]]] 仕様の開発を始めました。 [REFS[ - [1] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20100106]] ([TIME[2010-01-07 23:50:02 +09:00]] 版) - [25] [CITE[Web Notifications]] ([TIME[2010-01-26 05:14:55 +09:00]] 版) - [26] [CITE[Web Notifications]] ([TIME[2010-01-09 10:37:45 +09:00]] 版) - [6] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20100202]] ([TIME[2010-02-04 08:45:16 +09:00]] 版) - [2] [CITE[Desktop Notifications (The Chromium Projects)]] ([TIME[2010-04-10 08:34:20 +09:00]] 版) - [3] [CITE[0xFE - 11111110b - 0376 - 254 b9#9: Desktop Notifications with WebKit]] ([TIME[2010-04-22 21:35:06 +09:00]] 版) - [4] [CITE@en-US[Web Notification Working Group]] ([TIME[2010-07-01 16:03:14 +09:00]] 版) - [5] [CITE[Web Notification Working Group]] ([TIME[2010-09-08 07:20:47 +09:00]] 版) - [7] [CITE@en[Publishing a Web Notifications Working Draft]] ([[Anne van Kesteren]] 著, [TIME[2011-02-21 17:51:52 +09:00]] 版) - [8] [CITE@en[Web Notifications]] ( ([TIME[2011-03-02 01:17:22 +09:00]] 版)) - [9] [CITE[API Specification - The Chromium Projects]] ( ([TIME[2011-09-14 09:33:33 +09:00]] 版)) - [10] [CITE@en[Feedback from Safari on Web Notifications]] ( ([[Maciej Stachowiak]] 著, [TIME[2012-03-07 09:48:35 +09:00]] 版)) - [11] [CITE@en[Editor? (was:Re: Feedback from Safari on Web Notifications)]] ( ([[Anne van Kesteren]] 著, [TIME[2012-03-07 18:36:19 +09:00]] 版)) - [12] [CITE@en[Notifications meetup outcome]] ( ([[Anne van Kesteren]] 著, [TIME[2012-05-01 06:03:37 +09:00]] 版)) - [13] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]] ( ([TIME[2012-06-13 05:32:45 +09:00]] 版)) ]REFS] [67] [[Google]] が望んだ [[HTML]] の通知は結局実現せず、[[平文]]のみに対応しています。 [68] 途中から [[Apple]] も参加しています [SRC[>>10]]。 ** Notifications API Standard [59] [[annevk]] が [[W3C]] から締め出されたため、 [[Web Notifications]] は [[WHATWG]] に移り、 [[Notifications API Standard]] [SRC[>>14]] となりました。 [60] [[annevk]] が [[Chair]] 兼[[編集者]]だった [[W3C]] [[Web Notifications WG]] は閉鎖されるかに見えましたが [SRC[>>16]]、 [[Apple]] の [[Jon Lee]] が [[Chair]] を引き受けたため [SRC[>>17]]、継続されることになりました。 [61] 以後 [[W3C]] 側は [[WHATWG]] の (一部の) 変更をコピペして [[Web Notifications]] 仕様書を出版しています。 [REFS[ - [14] [CITE@en-US[Notifications API Standard]] ( ([TIME[2012-11-01 20:32:59 +09:00]] 版)) - [15] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20121031]] ( ([TIME[2012-11-23 14:34:19 +09:00]] 版)) - [16] [CITE@en[Shutting down the Web Notifications WG]] ( ([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2012-11-26 23:01:46 +09:00]] 版)) - [17] [CITE@en[Welcome new chair Jon Lee (Apple); Web Notification WG extended to 2013-12-31]] ( ([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2013-01-30 16:18:31 +09:00]] 版)) - [18] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130130]] ( ([TIME[2013-02-01 23:24:07 +09:00]] 版)) - [19] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130212]] ( ([TIME[2013-02-16 18:57:01 +09:00]] 版)) - [20] [CITE@en[Moving to Last Call]] ( ([[Jon Lee]] 著, [TIME[2013-05-30 04:10:06 +09:00]] 版)) - [21] [CITE@en[Notifications WG update]] ( ([[Jon Lee]] 著, [TIME[2013-02-27 09:14:06 +09:00]] 版)) - [22] [CITE@en[Welcome new chair Jon Lee (Apple); Web Notification WG extended to 2013-12-31]] ( ([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2013-01-30 16:18:31 +09:00]] 版)) ]REFS] ** 新機能の追加 [62] [[WHATWG]] ではその後も実装経験と需要を踏まえた改訂が進められています。 新機能としては[[音声]]や[[バイブレーション]]、 [[Service Worker]] との統合が規定されています。 [CODE[[[show]]]] や [CODE[[[close]]]] のような不要とされた[[イベント]]は削除されています。 [REFS[ - [23] [CITE[''''''[''''''whatwg'''''']'''''' Notifications: reviving Notification objects]] ( ([TIME[2013-07-10 04:39:48 +09:00]] 版)) - [24] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]] ( ([TIME[2013-09-10 10:50:08 +09:00]] 版)) - [42] [CITE@en[Remove pending notifications https://github.com/whatwg/notifications/iss... · f3bb90f · whatwg/notifications]] ( ([TIME[2014-10-07 08:31:58 +09:00]] 版)) - [43] [CITE@en[Land IDL for service worker API · 98d59b9 · whatwg/notifications]] ( ([TIME[2014-10-07 08:34:10 +09:00]] 版)) - [44] [CITE@en[Define showNotification() · e587e4a · whatwg/notifications]] ( ([TIME[2014-10-07 08:37:24 +09:00]] 版)) - [45] [CITE@en[Allow for specifying a sound through a URL · eae0873 · whatwg/notifications]] ( ([TIME[2014-11-16 11:34:08 +09:00]] 版)) - [46] [CITE@en[Integrate vibration · f57831c · whatwg/notifications]] ( ([TIME[2014-11-21 01:39:18 +09:00]] 版)) - [47] [CITE@en[Add renotify/silent/noscreen/sticky to fix https://github.com/whatwg/not... · a849674 · whatwg/notifications]] ( ([TIME[2014-11-27 20:42:40 +09:00]] 版)) - [48] [CITE@en[Make new Notification() throw in service workers. Fixes https://github.c... · 88a1881 · whatwg/notifications]] ( ([TIME[2014-11-27 20:43:04 +09:00]] 版)) - [49] [CITE@en[Remove the ability for the platform to fail displaying a notification pe... · 710d5fb · whatwg/notifications]] ( ([TIME[2014-12-17 17:48:42 +09:00]] 版)) - [50] [CITE@en[Notifications API]] ([TIME[2015-03-10 22:33:51 +09:00]] 版) - [51] [CITE@en[Merge pull request #36 from beverloo/bikeshed · 6520411 · whatwg/notifications]] ([TIME[2015-03-13 11:41:55 +09:00]] 版) - [52] [CITE@en[Make it clearer that showNotification() never throws. Fixes #40 · 1f2beec · whatwg/notifications]] ([TIME[2015-03-14 11:37:28 +09:00]] 版) ]REFS] [63] [[W3C]] はこうした [[WHATWG]] での改訂が進められる前の、 [[annevk]] 時代とほぼ同じ古い版を [[W3C Process]] に従い [[W3C勧告]]へと進めようとしています。 [[Mozilla]] や [[Google]] は実態に合わない仕様書を出版することに反対しました [SRC[>>57, >>55]] が、 [[W3C Director]] である [[TimBL]] は注意書きを添えれば十分 [SRC[>>54]] と主張して [[CR]] へと進めています [SRC[>>58]]。 [REFS[ - [57] [CITE@en[Re: Web Notifications to CR: 48-hour Call for Consensus (CR)]] ([[Peter Beverloo]] 著, [TIME[2015-02-24 04:00:30 +09:00]] 版) - [55] [CITE@en[Re: Web Notifications to CR: 48-hour Call for Consensus (CR)]] ([[Anne van Kesteren]] 著, [TIME[2015-03-13 01:58:50 +09:00]] 版) - [56] [CITE@en[Web Notifications to CR: 48-hour Call for Consensus (CR)]] ([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2015-02-19 18:45:55 +09:00]] 版) - [58] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]] ( ([TIME[2015-05-18 15:44:02 +09:00]] 版)) - [53] [CITE@en[Web Notification Working Group Charter Extended]] ([[Coralie Mercier]] 著, [TIME[2015-05-20 02:00:21 +09:00]] 版) - [54] [CITE@en[Re: Web Notification Working Group Charter Extended]] ([[Michael'''['''tm''']''' Smith]] 著, [TIME[2015-05-20 10:17:36 +09:00]] 版) - [65] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]] ([TIME[2015-05-20 12:38:59 +09:00]] 版) ]REFS] [66] [[W3C]] の仕様書には「前編集者」と「[[WHATWG]] 編集者」しかいない奇妙な状態 [SRC[>>58]] ですが、 [[ED]] [SRC[>>65]] の履歴によると実際の作業は [[Edward O'Connor]] が行っているようです。 [69] [CITE@en[1052776 – Desktop notifications not accessible: Not read by screen reader, and fade away]] ([TIME[2015-07-16 10:54:19 +09:00]] 版) [70] [CITE[PSA: Android is *only* shipping Service Worker-based Notifications - Google Groups]] ([TIME[2015-08-04 13:31:12 +09:00]] 版) [71] [CITE[Issue 901843006: Allow the embedder to disable the Notification constructor. - Code Review]] ([TIME[2015-08-04 13:32:26 +09:00]] 版) [72] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]] ( ([TIME[2015-09-09 20:46:36 +09:00]] 版)) [73] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications]] ([TIME[2015-10-22 09:07:32 +09:00]] 版) [FIG(quote)[ [FIGCAPTION[ [74] [CITE[Notifying you of Changes to Notifications | Web Updates - Google Developers]] ([TIME[2015-11-20 02:42:50 +09:00]] 版) ]FIGCAPTION] > new Notification('Hello', {body: 'Yay!'}); > This was never supported on Android due to restrictions of the platform: specifically, Chrome can’t support the callbacks on the Notification object, such as onclick. But it’s used on desktop for displaying notifications for web apps you may currently have open. ]FIG] [FIG(quote)[ [FIGCAPTION[ [75] [CITE[Notifying you of Changes to Notifications | Web Updates - Google Developers]] ([TIME[2015-11-20 02:42:50 +09:00]] 版) ]FIGCAPTION] > The best way to feature detect for Android and desktop at the moment is to do the following: > function isNewNotificationSupported() { > if (!window.Notification || !Notification.requestPermission) > return false; > if (Notification.permission == 'granted') > throw new Error('You must only call this \*before\* calling > Notification.requestPermission(), otherwise this feature detect would bug the > user with an actual notification!'); > try { > new Notification(''); > } catch (e) { > if (e.name == 'TypeError') > return false; > } > return true; > } ]FIG] [76] [CITE@en[Fix #50: clarify the impact of using the "renotify" flag · whatwg/notifications@a25f64f]] ([TIME[2016-01-23 12:38:53 +09:00]] 版) [77] [CITE@en-US[Web Notifications in Microsoft Edge | Microsoft Edge Dev Blog]] ( ([TIME[2016-05-18 11:32:09 +09:00]])) [78] [CITE[CodeIQ MAGAZINE|エンジニアのためのWebマガジン]] ([TIME[2016-06-15 14:32:49 +09:00]]) [79] >>78 アクセスすると (開いただけで) 通知の承認を要求されます。 [TIME[2016-06-15T05:33:17.800Z]] [FIG(quote)[ [FIGCAPTION[ [80] [CITE[「通知の表示」の許可を求めてくるサイトが増えてうざい件 | tech - 氾濫原]] ( ([TIME[2016-06-16 17:44:32 +09:00]])) ]FIGCAPTION] > 出初めたぐらいに「これ、どうでもいい個人サイトとかもやりだしたらうざいだろうな」と思っていたけど、最近まさにそういう状態になっている。当然サービスワーカーもインストールされてる。ほとんどの場合サイトにアクセスしたときに勝手に出る。 ]FIG] [91] [CITE@ja[朝日新聞デジタル:朝日新聞社のニュースサイト]] ([TIME[2017-06-24 14:52:40 +09:00]]) [92] >>91 アクセスすると (開いただけで) 通知の承認を要求されます。 [81] [CITE@en[Add image property to notifications]] ([[johnmellor]]著, [TIME[2016-10-05 23:42:46 +09:00]]) [82] [CITE@en[Use current global object for ServiceWorkerGlobalScope check]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2016-11-21 22:12:07 +09:00]]) [83] [CITE@en[Resolve showNotification() after showing notification]] ([[jakearchibald]]著, [TIME[2017-01-13 21:09:28 +09:00]]) [84] [CITE@en[Meta: update spec deploy and editing infrastructure]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2017-02-15 19:33:59 +09:00]]) [85] [CITE@en[Meta: enable PR preview and link web-platform-tests]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2017-03-22 02:11:33 +09:00]]) [86] [CITE@en[Use title variable correctly in create a notification]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2017-04-25 21:33:28 +09:00]]) [87] [CITE@en[Moving to the the Native Notification System on Mac OS X  |  Web  |  Google Developers]] ([TIME[2017-04-28 01:58:53 +09:00]]) [FIG(quote)[ [FIGCAPTION[ [88] [CITE@en[Moving to the the Native Notification System on Mac OS X  |  Web  |  Google Developers]] ([TIME[2017-04-28 01:58:53 +09:00]]) ]FIGCAPTION] > You can feature detect image support with the following code: > if ('image' in Notification.prototype) {   >   // Image is supported. > } else {   >   // Image is NOT supported. > } ]FIG] [89] [CITE@en[516147 - '''['''Feature Request''']''' Display Chrome notifications in Action Center on Windows 10 - chromium - Monorail]] ([TIME[2017-05-01 23:12:24 +09:00]]) [90] [CITE@en[Use StructuredSerializeForStorage]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2017-04-24 18:04:11 +09:00]]) [93] [CITE@en[Require user gesture to request notification permissions · Issue #49 · WICG/interventions]] ([TIME[2017-07-16 00:39:17 +09:00]]) [94] [CITE@en[Deprecations and Removals in Chrome 61  |  Web  |  Google Developers]] ([TIME[2017-08-16 00:56:37 +09:00]]) [95] [CITE@en[Meta: use new WHATWG boilerplate and license]] ([[domenic]]著, [TIME[2018-01-04 09:02:31 +09:00]]) [96] [CITE@en[Meta: use new WHATWG boilerplate and license by domenic · Pull Request #118 · whatwg/notifications]] ([TIME[2018-01-07 13:41:45 +09:00]]) [97] [CITE@en[Add show and close events back]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2018-02-27 22:43:37 +09:00]]) [98] [CITE@en[Remove support for sounds from notifications]] ([[beverloo]]著, [TIME[2018-02-28 23:19:53 +09:00]]) [99] [CITE@en[Remove support for sounds from notifications by beverloo · Pull Request #127 · whatwg/notifications]] ([TIME[2018-03-02 18:10:59 +09:00]]) [100] [CITE@en[Merge replacing and displaying into showing]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2018-03-01 18:44:46 +09:00]]) [101] [CITE@en[Merge replacing and displaying into showing by annevk · Pull Request #126 · whatwg/notifications]] ([TIME[2018-03-02 18:12:01 +09:00]]) [102] [CITE@en[Review Draft Publication: July 2018]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2018-07-23 22:12:02 +09:00]]) [103] [CITE@en[Review Draft Publication: July 2018 by annevk · Pull Request #137 · whatwg/notifications]] ([TIME[2018-07-26 16:47:47 +09:00]]) [104] [CITE@en[Notifications API Standard Review Draft July 2018]] ([TIME[2018-07-24 02:10:36 +09:00]]) [105] [CITE@en[Memorandum of Understanding Between W3C and WHATWG]] ([TIME[2019-05-28 17:23:37 +09:00]]) [106] [CITE@en[Remove obsolete replace steps reference]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2018-10-29 18:54:18 +09:00]]) [107] [CITE@en[Remove obsolete replace steps reference by annevk · Pull Request #141 · whatwg/notifications]] ([TIME[2019-05-31 14:50:10 +09:00]]) [108] [CITE@en[Review Draft Publication: January 2019]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2019-01-23 20:25:41 +09:00]]) [109] [CITE@en[Review Draft Publication: January 2019 by annevk · Pull Request #143 · whatwg/notifications]] ([TIME[2019-06-03 20:24:29 +09:00]]) [110] [CITE@en[Notifications API Standard Review Draft January 2019]] ([TIME[2019-01-23 22:53:01 +09:00]]) [112] [[Chrome]] + [[Windows]] で表示されないことがある、なんでだろう。 [[DevTools]] では表示されたことになっているのに、実際には何も出てこないし [[Windows]] の[[通知]]一覧にも入っていない。 [TIME[2020-03-24T00:25:08.000Z]] [113] [CITE@en[Align with IDL constructor changes]] ([[autokagami]]著, [TIME[2019-09-24 22:38:05 +09:00]]) [114] [CITE@en['''['''notifications''']''' Align with Web IDL specification by autokagami · Pull Request #151 · whatwg/notifications]] ([TIME[2020-05-14 14:06:59 +09:00]]) [115] [CITE@en-US[Fighting notification spam in Microsoft Edge - Microsoft Edge Blog]], [[Microsoft Edge Blog]], [TIME[2023-07-11T12:02:34.000Z]]