<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head></head><body><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="19" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[19]</anchor-end> <dfn><code class="URI" xml:lang="en"><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">state</anchor></code></dfn> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">引数</anchor>は、 <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">CSRF</anchor>
対策のために状態を表す値を指定するものです。</p><section><h1>仕様書</h1><refs xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><ul xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="1" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[1]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework</cite> (<time>2014-12-15 14:15:35 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.1">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.1</anchor-external></li><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="6" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[6]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework</cite> (<time>2014-12-15 14:15:35 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.2">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.2</anchor-external><ul><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="7" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[7]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework</cite> (<time>2014-12-15 14:15:35 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.2.1">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.2.1</anchor-external></li></ul></li><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="8" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[8]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework</cite> (<time>2014-12-15 14:15:35 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.2.1">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.2.1</anchor-external></li><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="9" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[9]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework</cite> (<time>2014-12-15 14:15:35 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.2.2">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.2.2</anchor-external><ul><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="10" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[10]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework</cite> (<time>2014-12-15 14:15:35 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.2.2.1">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.2.2.1</anchor-external></li></ul></li><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="11" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[11]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework</cite> (<time>2014-12-15 14:15:35 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-10.8">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-10.8</anchor-external></li><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="13" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[13]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework</cite> (<time>2014-12-15 14:15:35 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-10.12">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-10.12</anchor-external></li><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="16" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[16]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6749 - The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework</cite> (<time>2014-12-15 14:15:35 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#appendix-A.5">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#appendix-A.5</anchor-external></li><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="18" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[18]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6819 - OAuth 2.0 Threat Model and Security Considerations</cite> (<time>2015-02-10 06:43:00 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6819#section-5.3.5">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6819#section-5.3.5</anchor-external></li></ul></refs></section><section><h1>意味</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="3" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[3]</anchor-end> <code class="URI" xml:lang="en"><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">state</anchor></code> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">引数</anchor>の値は、<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">クライアント</anchor>が<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">要求</anchor>と<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">コールバック</anchor>との間で<rubyb xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">状態<rt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">state</rt></rubyb>を維持するために使う<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">不透明</anchor>な値です。 <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="1" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;1</anchor-internal>, <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="8" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;8</anchor-internal></src></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="5" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[5]</anchor-end> この<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">引数</anchor>は、 <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">CSRF</anchor> 対策のために使う<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">べきです</strong></anchor> <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="1" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;1</anchor-internal>, <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="8" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;8</anchor-internal></src>。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="12" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[12]</anchor-end> <code class="URI" xml:lang="en"><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">state</anchor></code> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">引数</anchor>の値には、<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">クライアント</anchor>や<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">資源所有者</anchor>の繊細な情報を<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">平文</anchor>で含める<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">べきではありません</strong></anchor> <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="11" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;11</anchor-internal></src>。</p></section><section><h1>構文</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="17" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[17]</anchor-end> この<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">引数</anchor>の値は、1文字以上の<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">印字可能ASCII文字</anchor>の列です <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="16" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;16</anchor-internal></src>。</p></section><section><h1>文脈</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="2" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[2]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">認可符号</anchor>や<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">アクセストークン</anchor>を取得するための<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">認可エンドポイント</anchor> 
<weak xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">(に<anchor>資源所有者</anchor>にアクセスさせるための<anchor>クライアント</anchor>から<anchor>資源所有者</anchor>への<anchor>応答</anchor>で示す<anchor>リダイレクトURL</anchor>)</weak>
では、 <code class="URI" xml:lang="en"><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">state</anchor></code> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">引数</anchor>を指定する<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">べきです</strong></anchor> <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="1" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;1</anchor-internal>, <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="8" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;8</anchor-internal></src>。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="4" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[4]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">認可鯖</anchor>は<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">資源所有者</anchor> (の<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">利用者エージェント</anchor>)
を<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">クライアント</anchor>へと<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">リダイレクト</anchor>して戻す時に、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">リダイレクトURL</anchor>に <code class="URI" xml:lang="en"><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">state</anchor></code> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">引数</anchor>で同じ値を (あれば)
指定しなければ<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">なりません</strong></anchor> <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="1" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;1</anchor-internal>, <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="6" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;6</anchor-internal>, <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="7" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;7</anchor-internal>, <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="8" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;8</anchor-internal>, <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="9" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;9</anchor-internal>, <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="10" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;10</anchor-internal></src>。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="14" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[14]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">クライアント</anchor>は <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">CSRF</anchor> 対策を実装しなければ<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">なりません</strong></anchor>。
一般的には<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">リダイレクトURL</anchor>に<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">認証</anchor>状態を表す値を含める方法が採られますが、
その値の指定には <code class="URI" xml:lang="en"><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">state</anchor></code> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">引数</anchor>を使う<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">べき</strong></anchor>です。 <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="13" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;13</anchor-internal></src></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="15" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[15]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">CSRF</anchor> 対策に使う値は推測できないものでなければ<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">なりません</strong></anchor>。
攻撃者が推測できる確率は 2<sup>-128</sup> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">以下</anchor>で<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">なければならず</strong></anchor>、
2<sup>-160</sup> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">以下</anchor>である<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><strong xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">べきです</strong></anchor>。 <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="13" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;13</anchor-internal></src></p></section></body></html>