<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head></head><body><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="1" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[1]</anchor-end> 『信息交換用漢字編碼字符集 基本集
(Code of Chinese graphic character set for information interchange--Primary set)』。</p><dl><dt>初版 GB 2312-80</dt><dd>1980-03-09 公布, 1981-05-01 実施。</dd></dl><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="2" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[2]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">中国大陸</anchor>で使われている基本的な<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">漢字</anchor>
(<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">簡体字</anchor>) を集めた<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">94^2図形文字集合</anchor>。
通称 <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB</anchor>, GB 漢字, GB0, GB コード。</p><section><h1>仕様書</h1><refs xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><ul xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="15" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[15]</anchor-end> <dfn>ISO-IR 58</dfn>, 
<time>2022-10-28T12:08:02.000Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310043310/https://www.itscj-ipsj.jp/ir/058.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20220310043310/https://www.itscj-ipsj.jp/ir/058.pdf</anchor-external><ul><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="16" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[16]</anchor-end> 
<cite>00000001.PDF - 058.pdf</cite>, <time>2022-11-02T03:16:08.000Z</time>, <time>2022-12-10T06:06:23.979Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/058.pdf">https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/058.pdf</anchor-external></li></ul></li></ul></refs></section><section><h1>文字集合</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="3" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[3]</anchor-end> 文字の<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号位置</anchor>は<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">区位編号</anchor>で表します。</p><section><h1>UCS との対応</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="4" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[4]</anchor-end> 主要変換表間の差異 :<table><tbody><tr><td>GB 2312 (GL)</td><td>Unicode (UTC)</td><td>GBK (MS 936)</td><td>MacChineseSimp</td></tr><tr><td>0-2124</td><td>U+30FB (KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT)</td><td colspan="2">U+00B7 MIDDLE DOT()</td></tr><tr><td>0-212A</td><td>U+2015 (HORIZONTAL BAR)</td><td colspan="2">U+2014 (EM DASH)</td></tr><tr><td>0-212B</td><td colspan="2">U+FF5E (FULLWIDTH TILDE)</td><td>U+301C (WAVE DASH)</td></tr><tr><td>0-212D</td><td colspan="2">U+2026 (HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS)</td><td>U+22EF (MIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS)</td></tr><tr><td>0-2169</td><td colspan="2">U+FFE0 (FULLWIDTH CENT SIGN)</td><td>U+00A2 (CENT SIGN)</td></tr><tr><td>0-216A</td><td colspan="2">U+FFE1 (FULLWIDTH POUND SIGN)</td><td>U+00A3 (POUND SIGN)</td></tr><tr><td>0-2324</td><td colspan="2">U+FFE5 (FULLWIDTH YEN SIGN)</td><td>U+00A5 (YEN SIGN)</td></tr><tr><td>0-237E</td><td colspan="2">U+FFE3 (FULLWIDTH MACRON)</td><td>U+203E (OVERLINE)</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="5" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[5]</anchor-end> GB は <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">JIS</anchor> とは違って、
変換表間の差異がさして大問題になってはいません。
MS CodePage 936 の拡張が GBK 1.0
として半公認、 GB 18030
として正式に国家規格化してしまったからでしょう。</p><p>本来の定義を尊重した対応を正式なものとしたけど誰にも相手にされない
JIS と、どっちがよかったのだろう。
どっちもよくないわな。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="17" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[17]</anchor-end> <cite>GB2312-80 Character Names</cite>, <time>2023-07-30T02:10:24.000Z</time>, <time>2007-10-21T11:16:48.617Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://web.archive.org/web/20071021110302/http://www.massangeana.com/mas/charsets/gbfuhao.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20071021110302/http://www.massangeana.com/mas/charsets/gbfuhao.htm</anchor-external></p></section><section><h1>文字集合の拡張</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="8" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[8]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB 2312とその拡張</anchor></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="18" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[18]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">1バイト</anchor>, <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GR</anchor> 以外については <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GBK</anchor>, <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB 18030</anchor> 参照。</p></section></section><section><h1>符号化表現</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="10" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[10]</anchor-end> 
一般に <dfn><code>gb2312</code></dfn>, <dfn>EUC-CN</dfn>,
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">MIME charset</anchor> <dfn><code>CN-GB</code></dfn> <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">RFC 1922</anchor></src>
と呼ばれるのは
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">EUC</anchor> 方式で <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB 2312</anchor> を使ったものです。</p><ul><li><n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x00</n> - <n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x1F</n> : <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">C0制御文字</anchor></li><li><n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x20</n> : <code class="charname" xml:lang="en">SP</code></li><li><n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x21</n> - <n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x7E</n> : <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">ASCII</anchor></li><li><n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x7F</n> : <code class="charname" xml:lang="en">DELETE</code></li><li><n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x80</n> - <n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x9F</n> : <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">C1制御文字</anchor></li><li><n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0xA1</n> - <n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0xFE</n> : <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB 2312</anchor> (<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GR</anchor> 2バイト)</li></ul><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="9" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[9]</anchor-end> 
<cite>Encoding Standard</cite> の <code>gb2312</code> はこれを現実の実装に合わせて調整したものです。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="11" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[11]</anchor-end> 
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">DEC</anchor> 製品は<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">外字</anchor>を追加した <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">DEC HANZI</anchor> を実装していました。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="12" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[12]</anchor-end> 
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GBK</anchor>, <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB 18030</anchor> は <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">EUC-CN</anchor> を拡張したものです。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="14" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[14]</anchor-end> 
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">cWnn</anchor>
は
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">EUC-CN</anchor>
に <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">CS2</anchor> に <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">omron_udc_zh</anchor> を追加したものを使っていました。
<src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="13" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;13</anchor-internal></src></p><refs xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><ul xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="13" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[13]</anchor-end> <cite><strong>[</strong>freewnn:00092<strong>]</strong> Re: Q:tserver &amp; EUC-TW Locale</cite>, <time>2008-01-25T08:15:31.000Z</time>, <time>2022-05-05T05:51:26.638Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://www.tomo.gr.jp/users/wnn/9912ml/msg00088.html">http://www.tomo.gr.jp/users/wnn/9912ml/msg00088.html</anchor-external></li></ul></refs></section><section><h1>フォント</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="7" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[7]</anchor-end> 
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB 5007</anchor>
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB 5199</anchor>
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB 6345.1</anchor></p></section><section><h1>比較</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="19" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[19]</anchor-end> 
<n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x80</n> は本来 <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">ISO/IEC 2022</anchor> では <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">CR</anchor> 領域であり <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">C1</anchor> の一部が割り当てられますが、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">GB 2312</anchor> とその派生では <sw-ch xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">€</sw-ch> が割り当てられたりします。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="20" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[20]</anchor-end> 
<cite>ICU</cite> の 
<code>windows-936-2000</code>
では <n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0x80</n> が
<sw-cc xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">U+20AC</sw-cc>、
<n xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">0xFF</n>
が
<sw-cc xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">U+F8F5</sw-cc>
です。</p></section><section><h1>実利用例</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="21" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[21]</anchor-end> <cite>Wayback Machine</cite>, <time>2025-11-09T13:35:30.000Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://web.archive.org/web/20010808075352/http://www.chonghwakl.edu.my/">https://web.archive.org/web/20010808075352/http://www.chonghwakl.edu.my/</anchor-external></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="22" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[22]</anchor-end> 
<cite>RichWin 主 页</cite>, <time>2025-11-09T13:51:29.000Z</time>, <time>1999-02-08T02:00:59.571Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://web.archive.org/web/19990208015948/http://www.richwin.com/">https://web.archive.org/web/19990208015948/http://www.richwin.com/</anchor-external></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="23" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[23]</anchor-end> <cite>Wayback Machine</cite>, <time>2025-11-09T13:57:11.000Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://web.archive.org/web/19990204032215/http://www.richwin.com/awards/index.html">https://web.archive.org/web/19990204032215/http://www.richwin.com/awards/index.html</anchor-external></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="24" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[24]</anchor-end> <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="23" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;23</anchor-internal> <cite>Chrome</cite> では正しく表示される。 <cite>Firefox</cite> 
では<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">フレーム文書</anchor>につられて<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">フレーム</anchor>内も <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">Windows-1252</anchor>
と誤認される。単体でなら正しく表示される。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="25" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[25]</anchor-end> <cite>Rimaju Sdn. Bhd. - Homepage</cite>, <time>2025-11-09T14:23:04.000Z</time>, <time>2001-05-09T09:35:33.049Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://web.archive.org/web/20010509093447/http://www.rimaju.com/gb_index.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20010509093447/http://www.rimaju.com/gb_index.htm</anchor-external></p><blockquote><pre>&lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=iso-8859-1&quot;&gt;</pre></blockquote><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="26" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[26]</anchor-end> <anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="25" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;25</anchor-internal> 今だと <cite>Firefox</cite> でも <cite>Chrome</cite> でも<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字化け</anchor>して表示できない。
なおトップページに必要ソフトウェアインストールの案内あり。</p></section><section><h1>歴史</h1><figure class="quote"><figcaption><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="6" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[6]</anchor-end> <cite>国家标准|GB/T 2312-1980</cite>
(<time>2020-10-10T03:26:51.000Z</time>)
<anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=5664A728BD9D523DE3B99BC37AC7A2CC">http://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=5664A728BD9D523DE3B99BC37AC7A2CC</anchor-external></figcaption><blockquote><p>1981-05-01实施 根据2017年第7号公告和强制性标准整合精简结论,自2017年3月23日起,该标准转化为推荐性标准,不再强制执行。</p></blockquote></figure></section></body></html>