<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head></head><body><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="1" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[1]</anchor-end> <dfn><ruby>符号化済文字<rt>ふごうかずみもじ</rt><rt>(en)coded character</rt></ruby></dfn>は、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化文字集合</anchor>における (<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化</anchor>された) <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字</anchor>です。</p><section><h1>仕様書</h1><refs xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><ul xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="44" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[44]</anchor-end> <cite><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">The Unicode Standard</anchor>, Version 13.0 - ch02.pdf</cite>, <time>2020-03-09T17:53:32.000Z</time>, <time>2020-12-20T08:35:03.323Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch02.pdf#G14527">https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch02.pdf#G14527</anchor-external></li><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="35" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[35]</anchor-end> <cite><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">The Unicode Standard</anchor>, Version 13.0 - ch03.pdf</cite>, <time>2020-03-09T17:53:34.000Z</time>, <time>2020-12-20T02:08:18.239Z</time> <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch03.pdf#G2212">https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch03.pdf#G2212</anchor-external></li></ul></refs></section><section><h1>符号化</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="12" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[12]</anchor-end> 
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字コード</anchor>規格に<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字</anchor>を割り当てることを<dfn><ruby>符号化<rt>ふごうか</rt><rt>encode</rt></ruby></dfn>といいます。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="13" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[13]</anchor-end> 
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字</anchor>視点 (<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化済文字</anchor>に<em>なる</em>こと)、
または<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字コード</anchor>規格開発者視点 (<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化済文字</anchor>に<em>する</em>こと)
の用語でしょうか。
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字コード</anchor>関連規格や、それに関係する文書でよく見かけます。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="14" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[14]</anchor-end> 
一般の技術者や、<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字コード</anchor>関連以外の多くの技術仕様では、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化</anchor>は<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字</anchor> (やその他のもの) を<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">バイト列</anchor>として表現する変換・保存・送信のための操作のことを指して言うことが多いようですから、
意味にずれがあります。</p></section><section><h1>符号化済文字</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="8" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[8]</anchor-end> 
<dfn><ruby>符号化済文字<rt>ふごうかずみもじ</rt><rt>encoded character</rt></ruby></dfn>
(<dfn>coded character</dfn>)
は、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">抽象文字</anchor>と<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号点</anchor>の関連付け (<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">写像</anchor>) です。
<src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="35" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;35</anchor-internal> D11</src>
<cite>The Unicode Standard</cite>
では、
特に断らない限り、
<dfn><ruby><anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字</anchor><rt>もじ</rt><rt>character</rt></ruby></dfn>とは<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化済文字</anchor>です
<src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="35" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;35</anchor-internal></src>。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="9" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[9]</anchor-end> 
非公式には、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">抽象文字</anchor>に<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">割当済符号点</anchor>を一緒にしたものと考えることもできます。
<src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="35" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;35</anchor-internal> D11</src></p><comment-p xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="10" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[10]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">ISO/IEC 10646</anchor> ではむしろこちらが
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">coded character</anchor>
の本義だったようです。
語義からもそちらが自然な解釈です。</comment-p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="11" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[11]</anchor-end> 
1つの<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">抽象文字</anchor>が、複数種類の<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号点</anchor>や<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号点</anchor>の列で表現し得ることがあります。
<sw-see xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"> <anchor>重複符号化</anchor> </sw-see></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="15" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[15]</anchor-end> 
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化済文字列</anchor>は<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化済文字</anchor>の列とは少し意味が違います。
<cite>The Unicode Standard</cite> は<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字列</anchor>とは<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化済文字列</anchor>としているので、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字</anchor>と<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字列</anchor>の意味にずれがあります。</p></section><section><h1>割当済文字</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="17" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[17]</anchor-end> 
<rubyb xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><anchor>抽象文字</anchor>に割当済<rt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">assigned to abstract character</rt></rubyb>の<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号点</anchor>は、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号点型</anchor>が<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">図形<title xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:">図形文字</title></anchor>、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">書式<title xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:">書式文字</title></anchor>、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">制御<title xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:">制御文字</title></anchor>、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">私用<title xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:">私用文字</title></anchor>のいずれかです。
<src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="44" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;44</anchor-internal></src></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="7" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[7]</anchor-end> 
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">割当済文字</anchor>は、<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">ブロック</anchor>に属します <src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="35" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;35</anchor-internal> D10b</src>。
<sw-see xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"> <anchor>ブロック</anchor> </sw-see></p><refs xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><ul xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="20" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[20]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">抽象文字</anchor>に割当済の符号点の一覧
<anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://chars.suikawiki.org/set/%24unicode%3Aassigned-to-abstract-character">https://chars.suikawiki.org/set/%24unicode%3Aassigned-to-abstract-character</anchor-external></li></ul></refs></section><section><h1>割当済符号点</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="18" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[18]</anchor-end> 
<dfn><rubyb xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">指示済符号点<rt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">designated code point</rt></rubyb></dfn>
(<dfn><rubyb xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">割当済符号点<rt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">assigned code point</rt></rubyb></dfn>)
は、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号点型</anchor>が<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">図形<title xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:">図形文字</title></anchor>、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">書式<title xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:">書式文字</title></anchor>、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">制御<title xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:">制御文字</title></anchor>、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">私用<title xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:">私用文字</title></anchor>、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">サロゲート</anchor>、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">非文字</anchor>のいずれかです。
<src xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><anchor-internal xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="44" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">&gt;&gt;44</anchor-internal></src></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="16" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[16]</anchor-end> 
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">割当済符号点</anchor>には<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">割当済文字</anchor>の他に、
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">サロゲート符号点</anchor>と<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">非文字</anchor>があります。</p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="19" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[19]</anchor-end> 
属さない<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">Unicode符号点</anchor>は、<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">未割当符号点</anchor>だけです。</p><refs xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"><ul xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><li><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="21" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[21]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">指示済符号点</anchor>の一覧
<anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="https://chars.suikawiki.org/set/%24unicode%3Adesignated">https://chars.suikawiki.org/set/%24unicode%3Adesignated</anchor-external></li></ul></refs></section><section><h1>関連</h1><p><sw-see xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:"> <anchor>外字</anchor>, <anchor>文字のようなもの</anchor> </sw-see></p></section><section><h1>歴史</h1><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="2" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[2]</anchor-end></p><blockquote><dl><dt>符号化文字 (coded character)</dt><dd>
<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">符号化表現</anchor>をもつ<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">文字</anchor>。
(<anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">JIS X 0221</anchor>‐1:2001 4.8)</dd></dl></blockquote><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="3" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[3]</anchor-end> </p><blockquote><p>A character together with its coded representation.  &lt;ISOIEC10646&gt;</p></blockquote><comment-p xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:10:"><cite xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">RFC 3536 - Terminology Used in Internationalization in the IETF</cite> (<time xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">2011-01-29 02:14:52 +09:00</time> 版) <anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3536#page-5">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3536#page-5</anchor-external></comment-p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="4" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[4]</anchor-end> <cite xml:lang="en">RFC 6365 - Terminology Used in Internationalization in the IETF</cite>
(<time>2011-09-10 19:11:51 +09:00</time> 版)
<anchor-external xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resScheme="URI" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:resParameter="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6365#page-6">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6365#page-6</anchor-external></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="6" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[6]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">特性 (UCD)</anchor></p><p><anchor-end xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:" a0:anchor="5" xmlns:a0="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">[5]</anchor-end> <anchor xmlns="urn:x-suika-fam-cx:markup:suikawiki:0:9:">包摂規準</anchor></p></section></body></html>