[6] [DFN@en[[ABBR[MathML] [Mathematical Markup Language]]]] は、[[数式]]を記述するための[[マーク付け言語]]です。 * 仕様書 [REFS[ - [61] '''[CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 3rd Edition -- single page HTML + MathML Version]] ([TIME[2015-04-03 23:51:27 +09:00]] 版) ''' - [70] [CITE@en-GB-x-hixie[HTML Standard]] ([TIME[2016-05-25 20:37:04 +09:00]]) ]REFS] * 機能 [66] よく使いそうな機能: [FIG(list)[ - [[分数]] → [CODE(XMLe)@en[[[mfrac]]]] - [[循環小数]] → [CODE(XMLe)@en[[[mover]]]] ]FIG] ;; [[HTMLの数式]]も参照。 * 表現マークと内容マーク, CSS との関係 @@ 書きかけ [[#comment]] * 数学記号と文字実体参照 @@ 書きかけ [[#comment]] * HTML に MathML を埋め込む @@ 書きかけ [9] [CITE[MathPlayer: Creating MathML Web Pages]] ([[名無しさん]] [WEAK[2006-10-04 23:54:10 +00:00]]) [10] [CITE[MathPlayer: Creating MathML Web Pages]] ([[名無しさん]] [WEAK[2006-10-04 23:54:33 +00:00]]) * 文脈 [108] [CITE[Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) Level 3Core - sbml-level-3-version-2-release-2-core.pdf]], [TIME[2019-04-26T19:11:44.000Z]], [TIME[2021-06-09T06:32:40.811Z]] [109] [[SBML]] では [[MathML]] の[[部分集合]]が利用可能 [SRC[>>108]]。 * 処理 [71] [[利用者エージェント]]は、 [[MathML]] の[[内容モデル]]、[[レイアウト]]、[[レンダリング]]において、 [[MathML]] の[[要素]]に[[内容モデル]]上 straight text が認められないにも関わらず[[要素内空白]]でない[[テキスト]]がある場合、 これを [CODE(XMLe)@en[mtext]] [[要素]]があってそれに含まれているものとみなさなければ[MUST[なりません]] [SRC[>>70]]。 ;; [72] ただし[[不適合]]ではあるままです [SRC[>>70]]。 [73] [[利用者エージェント]]は、 [[MathML]] の[[レイアウト]]や[[レンダリング]]において、 [[MathML]] の[[要素]]の[[内容]]が[[内容モデル]]に合致しない場合、 それが適当なエラーメッセージを含む [CODE(XMLe)@en[merror]] [[要素]]であるものとみなさなければ[MUST[なりません]] [SRC[>>70]]。 * 実装 [90] [[Firefox]] と [[Safari]] が実装しています。 * 歴史 [7] '''小史''' [[Web]] で[[数式]]を扱う方法は、1990年代前半から模索されてきました。 1995年には [[HTML 3.0]] 仕様案に[[数式]]を記述するための語彙が盛り込まれましたが、 仕様自体が完成せずに放棄されてしまいました。 1996年には [[W3C]] に [[HTML Math Editorial Review Board]] (後の [[Math Working Group]]) が設けられました。 当初 [[HTML]] の拡張として検討されていた[[数式]]用[[語彙]]は、 [[XML]] [[応用]]として1998年4月についに完成しました ([DFN@en[[ABBR[MathML] [Mathematical Markup Language]] 1.0]] [[W3C]] [[勧告]])。 1999年7月には、 [DFN@en[[ABBR[MathML] [Mathematical Markup Language]] 1.01]] が [[W3C]] [[勧告]]になりました。この仕様書は [ABBR[MathML] [Mathematical Markup Language]] 1.0 仕様書に正誤表等を反映したもので、 今なら [ABBR@en[SE] [Second Edition]] と呼ばれるであろうものです。 2001年2月には、技術的な変更が含まれる新版、 [DFN@en[[ABBR[MathML] [Mathematical Markup Language]] 2.0]] が [[W3C]] [[勧告]]になりました。 2003年10月には、正誤表等を反映した [ABBR@en[SE] [Second Edition]] が [[W3C]] [[勧告]]になりました。 [26] 2010年10月には、[[MathML 3.0]] が [[W3C]] [[勧告]]になりました。 [8] '''仕様書''' - [114] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)]], [TIME[1997-05-15T22:04:30.000Z]], [TIME[2024-09-23T06:14:42.717Z]] -- [115] 最初の公開版 -- [116] [CITE[Math Markup Language (Chapter 1)]], [TIME[1997-05-15T22:05:46.000Z]], [TIME[2024-09-23T06:15:41.033Z]] - [113] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)]], [TIME[2017-10-02T11:00:56.000Z]], [TIME[2024-09-23T06:14:33.254Z]] - [112] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)]], [TIME[2017-10-02T10:48:08.000Z]], [TIME[2024-09-23T06:14:18.680Z]] - [111] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)]], [TIME[2017-10-02T11:00:19.000Z]], [TIME[2024-09-23T06:13:43.393Z]] = [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)]] ([DEL[[[W3C]] [[勧告]]]]) = [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) 1.01 Specification]] ([[W3C]] [[勧告]]) = [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0]] ([DEL[[[W3C]] [[勧告]]]]) = [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0 (Second Edition)]] ([[W3C]] [[勧告]]) = [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ([[W3C]] [[勧告]]) [117] 最初は [[HTML 3.2]] の拡張を想定していましたが、難しいとわかり [[XML]] ベースの単独の言語とされました。 [SRC[>>116]] [118] [[MathML1]] 時代の [[WG]] 名が [[W3C HTML-Math Working Group]] だったことも、 当初の予定を表しています。 ** MathML DOM @@ 書きかけ ** 00年代 - [1] ''MathML 日本語情報 (washitake.com)'' [2] [CITE[Forgotten Factory..MathML覚え書]] [3] [CITE[itex2MML でお手軽に数式を書く。 : torus solutions!]] [4] [CITE[MathMLマニュアル]] [5] [CITE[mathmled]] [13] [CITE@en[Can Kestrels do Math? MathML support in Opera Kestrel - Opera Developer Community]] ([CODE[2007-09-29 12:48:24 +09:00]] 版) ([[名無しさん]]) [14] [CITE[A blog? with Σαιτω - Dev.Opera]] ([CODE[2007-09-29 02:48:27 +09:00]] 版) [17] [CITE@en[SVG in MathML in ... | Musings]] ([CODE[2008-03-09 10:44:28 +09:00]] 版) ([[名無しさん]]) [18] [CITE@ja[mas 日記 - mas's web page]] ([[mas]] 著, [CODE[2006-07-16 02:36:03 +09:00]] 版) ([[名無しさん]]) [19] [CITE[Dirac: Quantisation]] ([TIME[2008-05-09 17:14:56 +09:00]] 版) [22] [CITE[MathML Goals – WebKit]] ([TIME[2010-06-16 07:26:28 +09:00]] 版) ** MathML 2.0 [110] [[EBKS]] から参照されている。 [119] [[XHTML + MathML]] ** MathML 3.0 [REFS[ - [46] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ]REFS] [47] [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ([CODE[2007-04-27 15:07:45 +09:00]] 版) ([[名無しさん]] [WEAK[2007-04-29 02:42:58 +00:00]]) [48] [CITE@en[A MathML for CSS profile]] ([CODE[2007-04-27 15:06:36 +09:00]] 版) ([[名無しさん]] [WEAK[2007-04-29 02:44:03 +00:00]]) [49] [CITE[A blog? with Σαιτω - MathML と CSS]] ([CODE[2007-10-06 16:23:49 +09:00]] 版) [50] [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ([CODE[2007-10-06 05:36:14 +09:00]] 版) [51] [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ([CODE[2007-12-14 23:18:42 +09:00]] 版) [52] [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ([TIME[2008-04-10 03:03:24 +09:00]] 版) [53] [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ([TIME[2008-11-13 05:45:48 +09:00]] 版) [54] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ([TIME[2009-09-24 02:05:29 +09:00]] 版) [55] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ([TIME[2009-12-15 07:40:06 +09:00]] 版) [56] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ([TIME[2010-06-10 21:35:26 +09:00]] 版) [57] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]] ( ([TIME[2010-10-22 03:29:30 +09:00]] 版)) ** HTML5 [23] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20100609]] ([TIME[2010-06-26 00:01:11 +09:00]] 版) [24] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20100615]] ([TIME[2010-06-27 13:23:25 +09:00]] 版) [27] [CITE@EN-US[MathML Compliance]] ( ([TIME[2000-12-20 23:36:02 +09:00]] 版)) [28] [CITE[Ink Markup Language (InkML)]] ( ([TIME[2011-09-20 17:16:49 +09:00]] 版)) [29] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20120410]] ( ([TIME[2012-04-15 14:54:25 +09:00]] 版)) [30] [CITE[IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20120524]] ( ([TIME[2012-06-02 23:29:34 +09:00]] 版)) [31] [CITE@en[MathML - WHATWG Wiki]] ( ([TIME[2012-05-31 19:17:53 +09:00]] 版)) ** MathML 3.0 第2版 [32] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition -- single page HTML + MathML Version]] ( ([TIME[2012-05-28 07:53:29 +09:00]] 版)) [36] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition -- single page HTML + MathML Version]] ( ([TIME[2013-12-14 23:13:58 +09:00]] 版)) [37] [CITE@en[MathML 1 "interface attributes" in MathML3.]] ( ([[David Carlisle]] 著, [TIME[2013-07-07 03:43:19 +09:00]] 版)) [38] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition -- single page HTML + MathML Version]] ( ([TIME[2014-02-11 05:02:04 +09:00]] 版)) [59] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition -- single page HTML + MathML Version]] ( ([TIME[2014-02-10 20:00:21 +09:00]] 版)) [60] 第2版は [[HTML5]] について全編にわたって加筆修正されている他、細部の変更が色々と加えられているようです。 ;; [58] 3.1 や 4.0 ではなく第2版 [[PER]] でOKなあたり、 [[W3C Process]] は摩訶不思議なものですが、 [[XML 1.0 5e]] くらいの非互換変更が通るくらいですから、 [[MathML]] 程度の変更は [[W3C Process]] 的には変更のうちにも入らないのでしょう。 [62] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition -- single page HTML + MathML Version]] ( ([TIME[2014-04-10 07:39:31 +09:00]] 版)) [63] [CITE@en-US[MathML 3.0 Becomes ISO/IEC International Standard | W3C News]] ( ([TIME[2015-06-25 08:34:14 +09:00]] 版)) [64] [CITE[W3C MathML 3.0 approved as an ISO/IEC International Standard]] ( ([TIME[2015-06-24 04:33:18 +09:00]] 版)) [65] [CITE@en[Errata for MathML3]] ([TIME[2015-04-03 23:42:44 +09:00]] 版) ** Blink からの削除 [33] [CITE[Issue 152430 - chromium - Enabling support for MathML - An open-source browser project to help move the web forward. - Google Project Hosting]] ( ([TIME[2013-03-02 12:10:18 +09:00]] 版)) [34] [CITE[Issue 152430 - chromium - Enabling support for MathML - An open-source project to help move the web forward. - Google Project Hosting]] ( ([TIME[2013-11-02 21:24:42 +09:00]] 版)) [35] [CITE[We should drop MathML - Google グループ]] ( ([TIME[2013-11-02 21:31:17 +09:00]] 版)) * メモ [39] [[OMDoc]] には [[MathML]] を埋め込むことができます。 [40] [CITE[Alex's blog: MathML accessibility APIs]] ( ([TIME[2014-08-10 12:40:28 +09:00]] 版)) [41] [CITE@en[916419 – Expose MathML as a hierarchical accessible tree]] ( ([TIME[2014-08-12 07:21:26 +09:00]] 版)) [42] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 3rd Edition]] ( ([TIME[2014-07-03 17:52:53 +09:00]] 版)) [43] [CITE[OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) Version 1.2 - Part 1: OpenDocument Schema]] ( ([TIME[2011-09-29 13:00:00 +09:00]] 版)) [FIG(quote)[ [FIGCAPTION[ [11] [CITE@en[W3C Math Working Group]] ([TIME[2015-03-13 22:11:55 +09:00]] 版) ]FIGCAPTION] > MathML is a low-level specification for mathematical and scientific content on the Web and beyond. ]FIG] [12] [CITE[W3C MathML Validator]] ([TIME[2001-07-06 22:04:38 +09:00]] 版) [FIG(quote)[ [FIGCAPTION[ [15] [CITE@en-US[Math Activity Statement]] ([TIME[2015-06-04 18:30:23 +09:00]] 版) ]FIGCAPTION] > W3C submitted the MathML 3 Recommendation to ISO and the specification is currently in ballot. It is expected to become an ISO standard in 2015. ]FIG] [FIG(quote)[ [FIGCAPTION[ [16] [CITE[Math Working Group: Charter]] ([TIME[2014-08-14 22:26:12 +09:00]] 版) ]FIGCAPTION] > This Working Group commences in March 2006 and is scheduled to terminate in March 2016. '''['''Duration extended in March 2012, again in March 2013 and again in March 2014.''']''' ]FIG] [FIG(quote)[ [FIGCAPTION[ [20] [CITE@en[fred-wang/mathml.css]] ([TIME[2015-08-11 16:54:20 +09:00]] 版) ]FIGCAPTION] > This mathml.css stylesheet is a simplified version of the MathML for CSS Profile without CSS table rules that had only been implemented in Presto and using new CSS3 selectors and flexboxes. We know from Opera's experience that relying exclusively on a fixed set of CSS rules to do math layout is not reasonable. This stylesheet is only intended to provide some fallback to browsers without MathML support in order to make basic mathematical constructions readable, without claim of rendering quality. ]FIG] [107] >>20 残念ながら[[縦書き数式]]には未対応。 ([[MathML]] 自体が想定していないから、仕方ないのかな...) 例えば[[縦書き]]中で [CODE[mfrac]] を使うと右下の変なところに分数の線が引かれてしまいます。 [TIME[2020-11-14T03:33:44.700Z]] [21] [CITE@en-US[Authoring MathML - MathML | MDN]] ([TIME[2015-01-31 02:29:19 +09:00]] 版) [25] [CITE[The WebKit Open Source Project - MathML]] ([TIME[2015-11-15 01:26:03 +09:00]] 版) [44] [CITE@en[Math Working Group]] ([TIME[2016-02-29 14:11:15 +09:00]] 版) [45] [CITE[www-math@w3.org Mail Archives]] ([TIME[2016-02-24 05:14:07 +09:00]] 版) [68] [CITE@en[Add MathML and SVG to dependencies and cross-reference their elements · whatwg/html@c35ad72]] ([TIME[2016-03-24 15:29:49 +09:00]] 版) [69] [CITE@en-US[Getting Math onto Web Pages Community Group]] ([TIME[2016-04-14 11:26:54 +09:00]] 版) [74] [CITE[public-mathonwebpages@w3.org Mail Archives]] ([TIME[2016-08-02 06:57:15 +09:00]]) [75] [CITE@en[w3c/mathonwebpages: Repository for the W3C "Math on the Web" Community Group]] ([TIME[2016-08-03 20:49:44 +09:00]]) [76] [CITE[W3C Getting Math Onto Webpages Community Group]] ([TIME[2016-05-23 19:33:43 +09:00]]) [77] [CITE@en[Recent MathML Improvements in WebKit]] ([[Frédéric Wang]]著, [TIME[2016-07-21 14:44:50 +09:00]]) [78] [CITE@en['''['''MathML4''']''' Deprecation/Removal of the mfenced element]] ([[Frédéric WANG]]著, [TIME[2016-07-26 01:01:42 +09:00]]) [79] [CITE[Improvements in MathML Rendering | WebKit]] ([TIME[2016-08-03 01:25:44 +09:00]]) [80] [CITE[MathML/Fonts – WebKit]] ([TIME[2016-08-03 22:08:52 +09:00]]) [81] [CITE[MathML in HTML5 - Implementation Note]] ([TIME[2016-06-20 21:32:14 +09:00]]) [82] [CITE@en[MathML/MathMLinHTML5: Draft for a detailed technical document to implement MathML in Web rendering engines.]] ([TIME[2016-08-03 22:14:02 +09:00]]) [83] [CITE@en['''['''mediaqueries''']''' MathML]] ([[Florian Rivoal]]著, [TIME[2016-10-03 11:47:01 +09:00]]) [84] [CITE@en[Re: '''['''mediaqueries''']''' MathML]] ([[Manuel Rego Casasnovas]]著, [TIME[2016-10-04 19:45:22 +09:00]]) [85] [CITE@en[Obsoleting some specifications]] ([[chaals@yandex-team.ru]]著, [TIME[2017-04-26 11:32:27 +09:00]]) [86] [CITE@en[6606 - Missing MathML implementation - chromium - Monorail]] ([TIME[2018-02-22 01:26:47 +09:00]]) [87] [CITE@en-US[Web Engines Hackfest 2016 – make everything intensely]] ([TIME[2018-02-22 01:29:44 +09:00]]) [67] [CITE[MathML in Chromium]] ([[Igalia]]著, [TIME[2018-06-17 22:55:03 +09:00]]) [88] [CITE@en[152430 - Enabling support for MathML - chromium - Monorail]] ([TIME[2018-06-17 23:18:44 +09:00]]) [89] [CITE@en[6606 - Missing MathML implementation - chromium - Monorail]] ([TIME[2018-06-17 23:19:14 +09:00]]) [91] [CITE@en[please mark old mathML specs superseded · Issue #2 · w3ctag/obsoletion]] ([TIME[2018-07-28 19:17:43 +09:00]]) [92] [CITE@ja[MathML – Welcome to the Windows developer feedback site!]] ([TIME[2018-10-13 19:35:12 +09:00]]) [93] 大人気 [[MathML]] なのに [[Google]] と [[Microsoft]] の腰は重いなあ。 幸か不幸か [[MathJax]] のせいで [[MathML]] コンテンツが増えないのもあるのかなー。 [94] [CITE@en[MathML Core]] ([TIME[2019-06-16 01:03:43 +09:00]]) [95] [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 4.0]] ([TIME[2019-03-08 09:41:08 +09:00]]) [96] [CITE@en[mathml-refresh/mathml: MathML4 editors draft (pre W3C)]] ([TIME[2019-06-16 18:40:23 +09:00]]) [97] [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 4.0]] ([TIME[2019-04-08 06:17:42 +09:00]]) [98] [CITE[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 3rd Edition -- single page HTML + MathML Version]] ([TIME[2015-04-03 23:51:27 +09:00]]) [99] [CITE@en[mathml-refresh/mathml-core: MathML Core draft]] ([TIME[2019-06-16 18:44:45 +09:00]]) [100] [CITE@en[mathml-refresh/mathml-schema: Generated Schema for MathML4 drafts]] ([TIME[2019-06-16 18:45:23 +09:00]]) [101] [CITE@en[Decide the name of the spec and rename everywhere · Issue #4 · mathml-refresh/mathml-core]] ([TIME[2019-06-16 18:46:08 +09:00]]) [102] [CITE[Google グループ]] ([TIME[2019-06-16 18:50:05 +09:00]]) [103] [CITE[Units in MathML]] ([TIME[2017-10-02 19:26:42 +09:00]]) [104] [CITE@en[Remove tooling suggestions for SVG and MathML]] ([[annevk]]著, [TIME[2019-10-02 21:04:10 +09:00]]) [105] [CITE[Ink Markup Language (InkML)]] ([TIME[2018-10-09 22:24:24 +09:00]]) [106] [[JATS]] [120] [CITE@en[MathML Core]], [TIME[2024-09-17T19:47:50.000Z]], [TIME[2024-10-29T09:09:49.262Z]] [FIG(data)[ [121] [[HTML要素概説]] :出典: [REFS[ - [122] [DFN[MathML3]]: [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0]], [DATA(.status)[[DATA(.author)[W3C]] Recommendation]] [TIME(.published)[21 October 2010][2010-10-21]], [TIME[2017-10-02T10:40:58.000Z]], [TIME[2024-10-29T09:41:29.556Z]] - [123] [DFN[MathMLCore]]: [CITE@en[MathML Core]], [DATA(.status)[[DATA(.author)[W3C]] Editor's Draft]] [TIME(.published)[17 September 2024][2024-09-17]], [TIME[2024-09-17T19:47:50.000Z]], [TIME[2024-10-29T09:48:12.794Z]] - [124] [DFN[MathML]]: [CITE@en[Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 4.0]], [TIME(.status)[[TIME(.author)[W3C]] Editor's Draft [TIME(.published)[28 October 2024][2024-10-28]], [TIME[2024-10-28T22:31:12.000Z]], [TIME[2024-10-29T09:49:05.239Z]] ]REFS] :注釈: - [DFN@en[MathML]] Mathematical Markup Language。 [[数式]]用の[[マーク付け言語]]。 [[HTML3]] の[[数式]]機能として開発が始まったが、方針を転換して独立した [[XML応用]]となった。その後 [[HTML5]] によって [[HTML文書]]で使えるようになった。 本書では [CITE[MathML 3.0]], [CITE[MathML 4.0]], [CITE[MathML Core]] にあるかを示した。 [SRC[>>122]] [SRC[>>123]] [SRC[>>124]] 更に、 [[構文解析器]]で特別な挙動が定められたものには 「HTML構文解析器」と示した。 [SRC[HTML]] ]FIG] [125] [CITE@ja[MathML数式組版入門 - mathml-guide.pdf]], [TIME[2020-02-19T11:46:08.000Z]], [TIME[2025-07-05T10:48:55.304Z]]