[15] IDNA (Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications) は、 IDN (国際化ドメイン名) をインターネットの様々なアプリケーションで扱うための技術です。

[17] IDNA では、既存のプロトコルや実働しているシステムへの変更無しで IDN を扱うために、 IDN を ASCII文字に転写し、 IDN と ASCII のドメイン名との変換を末端のアプリケーション内で行います。この ASCII文字への転写法としては Punycode が採用されています。

版

[16] IETF 的には、 IDNA には2つの (非互換な) 版があります。

[6] しかし実際に使われているのは UTS #46 です。

技術

[7]

  • Nameprep
    • Stringprep

テストケース

[30] Nameprep and IDNA Test Vectors ( ( 版)) http://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/draft-josefsson-idn-test-vectors.html

[31] Savannah Git Hosting - libidn.git/tree - tests/ http://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=libidn.git;a=tree;f=tests

実装

[29] Net::IDN::Encode - search.cpan.org http://search.cpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/lib/Net/IDN/Encode.pm

メモ

[12] RFC 5992 - Internationalized Domain Names Registration and Administration Guidelines for European Languages Using Cyrillic ( 版) http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5992

[32] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20121107 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20121107#l-633

[33] Updating RFC 5890-5893 (IDNA 2008) to Full Standard ( ( 版)) http://www.alvestrand.no/pipermail/idna-update/2012-November/007450.html

[34] URL: IDNA2008 — Anne’s Blog ( ( 版)) http://annevankesteren.nl/2012/09/idna2008

[35] RFC 6912 - Principles for Unicode Code Point Inclusion in Labels in the DNS ( ( 版)) http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6912

[36] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130813 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130813#l-558

[37] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130816 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130816#l-62

[38] [whatwg] URL standard: Query string parsing; host parsing ( ( 版)) http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2013-August/040504.html

[39] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130819 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130819

[40] URL: IDNA2003 — Anne’s Blog ( ( 版)) http://annevankesteren.nl/2013/08/idna2003

[41] Re: Standardizing on IDNA 2003 in the URL Standard ( (Anne van Kesteren 著, 版)) http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-tag/2013Aug/0085.html

[42] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20130912 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130912#l-744

[43] Issue 23642003: Support IDNA 2008 - Code Review ( ( 版)) https://codereview.chromium.org/23642003

[44] 479520 – (IDNA2008) Implement new IDNA2008 standards ( ( 版)) https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=479520

[45] How does IE handle the IDN2008 RFCs? - I'm not a Klingon (<span style="font-family:pIqaD,code2000;"> </span>) - Site Home - MSDN Blogs ( ( 版)) http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnste/archive/2013/09/09/how-does-ie-handle-the-idn2008-rfcs.aspx

[46] Web Applications 1.0 r8381 Defer to URL spec for IDNA stuff. ( ( 版)) http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=8380&to=8381

[47] Bug 23009 – Unicode normalization can produce / code points in domain names ( ( 版)) https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23009

[48] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20140414 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20140414

[49] IRC logs: freenode / #whatwg / 20140415 ( ( 版)) http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20140415

[50] RFC 6797 - HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) ( ( 版)) http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-10

[51] RFC 6797 - HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) ( ( 版)) http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-13

[52] URL: Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing (Unicode Technical Standard #46) — Anne’s Blog ( ( 版)) http://annevankesteren.nl/2014/06/url-unicode

[53] RFC 6265 - HTTP State Management Mechanism ( ( 版)) http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-6.3

[1] RFC 7469 - Public Key Pinning Extension for HTTP ( 版) https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7469#section-2.3

Note that

internationalized domain names SHALL be canonicalized according to

the scheme in Section 10 of [RFC6797].

[2] Add a section on rendering URLs with some advice around bidirectional… · whatwg/url@d1152b9 ( 版) https://github.com/whatwg/url/commit/d1152b94a16ae91e1f72d128fd5ef589635f0e7c

[3] 479520 – (IDNA2008) Implement IDNA2008 and Unicode UTS #46 ( 版) https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=479520

[4] How does IE handle the IDN2008 RFCs? - I'm not a Klingon (<span style="font-family:pIqaD,code2000;"> </span>) - Site Home - MSDN Blogs ( 版) http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnste/archive/2013/09/09/how-does-ie-handle-the-idn2008-rfcs.aspx

[5] Issue 23642003: Support IDNA 2008 - Code Review ( 版) https://codereview.chromium.org/23642003

[8] RE: Standardizing on IDNA 2003 in the URL Standard (Shawn Steele著, ) https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-tag/2014Jan/0126.html

And, just to be clear, our APIs are currently IDNA2008 plus UTS46 (compatibility) minus contextual/bidi validation (and have been for a while and are unlikely to change in the foreseeable future).

[9] Unicode IDNA feedback (Anne van Kesteren著, ) https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2016Nov/0001.html

[10] チェンジセット 208902 – WebKit () https://trac.webkit.org/changeset/208902

[11] Re: IDNA tests (Alex Christensen著, ) https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2017Jan/0008.html

[18] Re: Unicode IDNA feedback (Anne van Kesteren著, ) https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2017Jan/0007.html

[19] IDNA2008 · Issue #223 · whatwg/url () https://github.com/whatwg/url/issues/223

[20] curl - IDNA 2003 makes curl use wrong () https://curl.haxx.se/docs/adv_20161102K.html

[21] Issues · whatwg/url () https://github.com/whatwg/url/labels/idna

[22] Use Nontransitional_Processing for IDNA ToASCII (annevk著, ) https://github.com/whatwg/url/commit/f4d84a52e67b154b2d11e04889fe0a35a029c833

[25] 酷い仕様ではあるけど何十年もこの状態でちゃんと標準化もされてるのだから、 それに対応できないで「セキュリティ」を称している製品があるのなら詐欺に近いのではなかろうか。